Table 2.
Cytokine levels in serum and blood of pregnant sows administered an injected PEDV vaccine (INJ; n = 4), a low-dose oral PEDV vaccine (LOV; n = 4), a high-dose oral PEDV vaccine (HOV; n = 4), or serving as non-vaccinated controls (CON; n = 4).
| Cytokine | INJ | CON | LOV | HOV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GM-CSF | 200.1 a ± 183.7 | 1128.1 b ± 547.6 | 159.3 a ± 179.1 | 381.2 ab ± 238.4 |
| IFNγ | 3903.7 ± 4063.2 | 10694.7 ± 1352.6 | 4567.7 ± 4689.0 | 5448.4 ± 5079.1 |
| IL-1α | 158.8 ± 104.6 | 472.1 ± 145.6 | 325.7 ± 186.9 | 262.2 ± 190.4 |
| IL-1β | 1624.8 ± 1095.4 | 4874.9 ± 2181.3 | 3092.4 ± 1972.9 | 3583.5 ± 3039.3 |
| IL-1RA | 938.9 ± 619.6 | 2992.1 ± 874.8 | 2290.8 ± 1451.3 | 2330.7 ± 1992.9 |
| IL-2 | 1371.6 ± 979.2 | 4386.1 ± 1417.7 | 2959.8 ± 1959.1 | 3026.7 ± 2549.3 |
| IL-4 | 4404.2 ± 3329.9 | 15752.0 ± 5540.5 | 10763.5 ± 7541.7 | 10326.9 ± 8721.3 |
| IL-6 | 468.3 ± 368.8 | 1138.9 ± 501.4 | 700.3 ± 554.9 | 1274.6 ± 1185.8 |
| IL-8 | 8710.6 ± 5239.0 | 6812.2 ± 3008.8 | 8509.7 ± 3806.0 | 8254.3 ± 1823.0 |
| IL-10 | 2135.5 ± 1565.5 | 7833.4 ± 3245.6 | 5569.7 ± 3664.9 | 4791.4 ± 4135.0 |
| IL-12 | 589.2 ± 439.1 | 1702.4 ± 535.8 | 1196.6 ± 763.0 | 1157.8 ± 968.0 |
| IL-18 | 2855.0 ± 2099.3 | 7994.6 ± 3349.0 | 5366.2 ± 3520.9 | 6667.1 ± 5481.6 |
| TNFα | 421.7 ± 501.5 | 518.1 ± 273.1 | 225.0 ± 271.3 | 703.5 ± 623.6 |
Blood and milk samples were collected on day 1 of lactation and 6 d post-challenge, respectively. Results are presented in pg/mL. Values are means ± SD. Values with different letters (a, b) p ≤ 0.05. GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFNγ: interferon gamma; IL-1α: interleukin-1 alpha; IL-1β: interleukin-1 beta; IL-1RA: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-2: interleukin-2; IL-4: interleukin-4; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-8: interleukin-8; IL-10: interleukin-10; IL-12: interleukin-12; IL-18: interleukin-18; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha.