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Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Origin of CAFs. Illustration of the potential cells of origin of CAFs, including resident fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, mesothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and adipocytes with probable mechanisms.