Table 1.
| Components | Diet Quality Indices | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEI-2015 [9] 0–100 Points |
AHEI [15] 0–87.5 Points |
AHEI-2010 [16] 0–110 Points |
Original MDS [17] 0–8 Points |
MDS [11] 0–9 Points |
AMED [12] 0–9 Points |
HPDI [13] 0–90 Points |
DASH [14] 0–8 Points |
|
| Positively Weighted Components | Total fruits (5 points; ≥0.8 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Fruits and nuts (1 point; ≥median) |
Fruits and nuts (1 point; ≥median) |
Total fruits (1 point; ≥median) |
Total fruits (1 point; 4.1 servings/day) |
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| Whole fruits (5 points; ≥0.4 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Whole fruits (10 points; ≥4 servings/day) |
Whole fruits (10 points; ≥4 servings/day) |
Whole fruits (5 points; >highest quintile) |
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| Total vegetables (5 points; ≥1.1 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Vegetables excluding potatoes (10 points; ≥5 servings/day) |
Vegetables excluding potatoes (10 points; ≥5 servings/day) |
Vegetables (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Vegetables (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Vegetables excluding potatoes (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Vegetables excluding potatoes (5 points; >highest quintile) |
Vegetables excluding potatoes and legumes (1 point; 4.6 servings/day) |
|
| Greens and beans (5 points; ≥0.2 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
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| Whole grains (10 points; ≥1.5 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Cereal fiber (10 points; 15 g/day) |
Wholegrains (10 points; men ≥90 g/day, women ≥ 75 g/day) |
Cereals including bread and potatoes (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Cereals including bread and potatoes (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Whole grains (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Whole grains (5 points; >highest quintile) |
Wholegrains (1 point; 2.4 servings/day) |
|
| Dairy (10 points; ≥1.3 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Low-fat dairy (1 point; 2.3 servings/day) | |||||||
| Total protein foods (5 points; ≥2.5 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
White meat: red meat ratio (10 points; 4) |
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| Seafood and plant proteins (5 points; ≥0.8 c-eq/1000 kcal) |
Nuts and soy protein (10 points; ≥1 serving/day) |
Nuts and legumes (10 points; ≥1 serving/day) |
Legumes (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Legumes (1 point; ≥median intake) Fish (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Legumes (1 point; ≥median intake) Nuts (1 point; ≥median intake) Fish (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Legumes (5 points; >highest quintile) Nuts (5 points; >highest quintile) |
Nuts and legumes (1 point; 1.5 servings/day) |
|
| Fatty acids (10 points; (PUFA + MUFA)/SFA ≥2.5) |
PUFA:SFA ratio (10 points; ≥1) |
Long chain n-3 fats—EPA and DHA (10 points; 250 mg/day) PUFA (10 points; ≥10% energy) |
MUFA: SFA ratio (1 point; ≥median intake) |
MUFA: SFA ratio (1 point; ≥median intake) |
MUFA: SFA ratio (1 point; ≥median intake) |
Vegetables oils (5 points; >highest quintile) |
||
| Alcohol (7.5 points; men 1.5–2.5 servings/day, women 0.5–1.5 servings/day) |
Alcohol (10 points; men 0.5–2.0 servings/day, women 0.5–1.5 servings/day) |
Ethanol (1 point; moderate undefined) |
Ethanol (1 point; men 10–50 g/day, women 5–25 g/day) |
Ethanol (1 point; 5–25 g/day) |
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| Multivitamin use (7.5 points; ≥5 years) |
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| Tea and coffee (5 points; >highest quintile) |
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| Negatively Weighted Components | Refined grains (10 points; ≤1.8 oz. eq/1000 kcal) |
Refined grains (5 points; <lowest quintile) |
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| Sodium (10 points; ≤1.1 g /1000 kcal) |
Sodium (10 points; lowest decile) |
Sodium (1 point; <1041 mg/day) |
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| Added sugars (10 points; ≤6.5% energy) |
SSB and fruit juice (10 points; 0 servings/day) |
Fruit juice (5 points; < lowest quintile) SSB (5 points; <lowest quintile) Sweets and desserts (5 points; <lowest quintile) |
SSB (1 point; 0 servings/day) |
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| Saturated fat (10 points; ≤8% energy) |
Red and processed meat (10 points; 0 servings/day) |
Meat and meat products (1 point; <median intake) Dairy products (1 point; <median intake) |
Meat and poultry (1 point; <median intake) Dairy products (1 point; <median intake) |
Red and processed meat (1 point; <median intake) |
Animal fat (5 points; <lowest quintile) Meat (5 points; <lowest quintile) Eggs (5 points; <lowest quintile) Other animal-based foods (5 points; <lowest quintile) Fish and seafood (5 points; <lowest quintile) Dairy (5 points; <lowest quintile) |
Red and processed meat (1 points; <0.4 servings/day) |
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| Trans fat (10 points; ≤0.5% energy) |
Trans fat (10 points; ≤0.5% energy) |
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| Potatoes (5 points; <lowest quintile) |
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AHEI: Alternate Healthy Eating Index; AHEI-2010: Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010; AMED: Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score; c-eq: cup equivalent; DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HEI-2015: Healthy Eating Index-2015; HPDI: Healthful Plant-Based Diet Index; MDS: Mediterranean Diet Score; oz-eq: ounce equivalent.