Table 2.
BoNT comparative studies in hemifacial spasm.
| Author | Design | Clinical Evaluation | n° | Mean Age (years) |
Disease Duration (years) | Comparison | Conversion Ratio | Mean Dosage (UI) | Improvement | Mean Effect Duration | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Marion (1995) [55] | P, OL, DF | n/a | 37 | 54.6 | 8.16 | Abo vs. Ona | 3:1 | 85 (Abo) | n/a | n/a | Similar effects |
| 32 (Ona) | ||||||||||||
| 2 | Sampaio (1996) [56] | P, Ra, SC, SB | BRS | 49 | 58.2 (Abo) | 6.13 (Abo) | Abo vs. Ona | 1:4 | n/a | n/a | 13.9 weeks (Abo) | Similar effects |
| 63.2 (Ona) | 3.99 (Ona) | 13.4 weeks (Ona) | ||||||||||
| 3 | Bihari (2005) [57] | P, SA, CO | SA | 9 | 53.5 | n/a | Abo vs. Ona | 5:1 | 16 (Ona) | 77% | 65.1 days (Ona) | more effective Ona |
| 78 (Abo) | 60% | 41.8 days (Abo) | ||||||||||
| 4 | Rieder (2007) [58] | P, Ra, CO, DB | SA | 18 | 60.23 | 8.8 | Lan vs. Ona | 1:1 | n/a | n/a | 72 days (Lan) | No differences |
| 71 days (Ona) | ||||||||||||
| 5 | Dressler (2009) [59] | CO, R/P | SA | 11 | 61.1 | 6.8 | Ona vs. Inco | 1:1 | 43.3 | n/a | n/a | No differences |
| 6 | Bentivoglio (2009) [4] | R, SC | SA | 108 | 54.1 | 7.9 | Ona vs. Abo | n/a | 11.2 (Ona) | 94% | 105.4 days (Ona) | No differences |
| 46.5 (Abo) | 85.4 days (Abo) | |||||||||||
| 7 | Quagliato (2010) [60] | P, Ra, DB | HFSES, SF-36 | 17 | 59.8 | 9.1 | Ona vs. Lan | 1:1 | 35 | n/a | 12.8 weeks | No differences |
| 8 | Kollewe (2010) [47] | P | GCI | 53 | n/a | 6.0 | Ona vs. Abo | 1:2,56 | 22 | 2.6 | 12.1 weeks | No differences |
| 9 | Wu (2011) [61] | P | Cohen’s scale | 131 | 45.8 (Lan) | n/a | Lan vs. Ona | 1:1 | n/a | 97% (Lan) | 16.2 weeks (Lan) | No differences |
| 45.3 (Ona) | 94% (Ona) | 16.5 weeks (Ona) | ||||||||||
| 10 | Bentivoglio (2012) [29] | R, SC, DF | SA | 10 | 51.6 | 12.3 | Ona vs. Abo | 1:3—1:5 | n/a | n/a | n/a | No differences |
| 11 | Bladen (2020) [62] | P, SB, M | SA | 12 | n/a | n/a | Ona vs. Inco | 1:1 | n/a | 84% (Inco) | 12 weeks (Inco) | More effective Inco |
| 72% (Ona) | 11 weeks (Ona) | |||||||||||
| 12 | Ozer (2021) [63] | R, SC | VAS | 16 | 53.2 | 11 | Ona vs. Abo | 1:4,95 | n/a | n/a | n/a | No differences |
Abo: AbobotulinumtoxinA; BRS: blepharospasm rating scale; CO: crossover; DB: double-blind; DF: dose-finding; GCI: Global clinical improvement; HFSES: Hemifacial Spasm Evaluation Scale; JRS: Inco: IncobotulinumtoxinA; Jankovic Rating Scale; Lan: LanbotulinumtoxinA; M: multicenter; OL: open-label; Ona: OnabotulinumtoxinA; P: prospective; R: retrospective; Ra: randomized; SA: subjective assessment; SB: single-blind; SC: single-center; SF-36: 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire; VAS: visual analogue scale.