Table 1.
Distribution of clinical trials on immunity augmentation for COVID-19.
| Strategy | Treatment | Total % | Total # | # of Clinical Trial Phases | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/A | 1 | 1&2 | 2 | 2 & 3 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
| Heterologous immunity | Mycobacterium vaccine | 8.0 | 6.5 | 32 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 6 |
| MMR vaccine | 0.5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
| Polio vaccine | 0.8 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Zoster Vaccine | 0.3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Active immunity | Protein | 62.4 | 12.3 | 249 | 49 | 0 | 19 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 1 g |
| RNA | 17.0 | 68 | 15 a,b | 8 | 11 | 13 c,d | 5 e | 10 | 6 h | |||
| DNA | 3.3 | 13 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Viral vector | 17.5 | 70 | 5 a | 23 | 17 | 6 c,d | 3 e | 13 f | 3 g,h,i | |||
| Bacterial vector | 0.3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Inactivated | 10.5 | 42 | 5 a,b | 4 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 14 f | 8 i | |||
| Virus-like particle | 1.3 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Live attenuated | 0.3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Passive immunity | Immunoglobulin | 14.8 | 4.5 | 59 | 18 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Convalescent plasma | 10.3 | 41 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 19 | 3 | 6 | 0 | |||
| Immunotherapy | Neutralized antibody/ inhibitor |
14.8 | 7.3 | 59 | 30 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Cytokine | 3.5 | 14 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| Immune cell | 4.0 | 16 | 0 | 7 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Total # of clinical trial phases | 389 | 33 | 81 | 71 | 81 | 21 | 78 | 24 | ||||
| Total % of clinical trial phases | 100.0 | 8.5 | 20.8 | 18.3 | 20.8 | 5.4 | 20.1 | 6.2 | ||||
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i Strategies of active immunity are applied to the same clinical trials.