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Breast cancer cells stimulate LIF expression in CAFs. Breast cancer cells were cocultured with CAFs, and after 24, 48, and 72 h, the quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that LIF expression is enhanced. Representative graphs of 3 independent experiments using the same CAF-CM are shown. The data show the mean ± S.D. and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc correlations; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.
