TABLE 1.

Mutations in the nuclear factor of κ‐light chain of enhancer‐activated B cells (NF‐κB) pathway identified in cancers

Cancer type	Protein	Gene	Mutation type	Effect	Ref.
Solid
Bladder cancer	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF4	TRAF4	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Breast cancer	TRAF4/5/6	TRAF4/5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Cervical cancer	p50/p105	NFKB1	Point mutations	Increase	427
	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
Colon cancer	TRAF1	TRAF1	Point mutations	Increase	428
	TRAF6	TRAF6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Cylindromatosis	CYLD	CYLD	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	69
Esophageal cancer	TRAF4/5/6	TRAF4/5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Gastric cancer	p50/p105	NFKB1	Point mutations	Increase	3
	MYD88	MYD88	Mutations, deletions	Increase	299 , 429
	TRAF1	TRAF1	Point mutations	Increase	7 , 426
	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF6	TRAF6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426 , 430
Glioblastoma	IκBα	NFKBIA	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	290 , 431
Head and neck cancer	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF6	TRAF6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Liver cancer	p50/p105	NFKB1	Point mutations	Increase	3
	TRAF5/6	TRAF5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Lung cancer	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF4/5/6	TRAF4/5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Melanoma	TRAF1	TRAF1	Point mutations	Increase	426 , 432
	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF4/5	TRAF4/5	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	IκBα	NFKBIA	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	291
	A20	TNFAIP3	Point mutations	Decrease	291
	CYLD	CYLD	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	69
	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
Ovarian cancer	p50/p105	NFKB1	Point mutations	Increase	3
	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF4/5/6	TRAF4/5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Pancreatic cancer	TRAF4	TRAF4	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Prostate cancer	IKKβ	IKBKB	Point mutations	Increase	293
	TRAF2	TRAF2	Mutations	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF5/6	TRAF5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Uterine cancer	TRAF2/3	TRAF2/3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	TRAF4/5/6	TRAF4/5/6	Mutations, amplifications	Increase	7 , 426
Hematologic malignancy
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	IκBε	NFKBIE	Deletions, point mutations	Decrease	433
	BCL3	BCL3	Translocations	Increase	434
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	TRAF1	TRAF1	Point mutations	Increase	435
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma	p52/p100	NFKB2	C‐terminal truncations	Increase	285
	REL	REL	Point mutations, amplifications,	Increase	287
	REL	REL	Truncations	Decrease	287
	IκBα	NFKBIA	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	285
	IKKβ	IKBKB	Point mutations	Increase	293
	CD79A/B	CD79A/B	Point mutations	Increase	436
	BCL10	BCL10	Point mutations, chromosomal translocations	Increase	437
	LUBAC	HOIP, HOIL, SHARPIN	Point mutations	Increase	438
	MALT1	MALT1	Chromosomal translocations, point mutations, amplifications	Increase	439
	A20	TNFAIP3	Point mutations	Decrease	440
	CARD11	CARMA1	Chromosomal translocation; point mutation	Increase	441
	p300	EP300	Deletions	Decrease	442 , 443
	TRAF2	TRAF2	Mutations	Decrease	444
	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
	CBP	CREBBP	Deletions	Decrease	442 , 443
	MYD88	MYD88	Mutations, deletions	Increase	299
Hodgkin lymphoma	NIK	MAP3K14	Gene fusion, point mutations	Increase	31
Leukemia	CARD11	CARMA1	Chromosomal translocation; point mutation	Increase	441
	p300	EP300	Deletions	Decrease	442 , 443
	CBP	CREBBP	Deletions	Decrease	442 , 443
Mantle cell lymphoma	TRAF2	TRAF2	Mutations	Decrease	444
Marginal zone lymphoma	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
Multiple myeloma	RELA (p65)	RELA	Point mutations	Increase	445
	IκBβ	NFIKBB	Point mutations	Decrease	446
	IKKβ	IKBKB	Point mutations	Increase	293
	NIK	MAP3K14	Gene fusion, point mutations	Increase	446
	CYLD	CYLD	Mutations, deletions	Decrease	69
	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426
B‐cell lymphoma	CD79A/B	CD79A/B	Point mutations	Increase	436
	p52/p100	NFKB2	C‐terminal truncations	Increase	285
	BCL10	BCL10	Point mutations, chromosomal translocations	Increase	437
	MALT1	MALT1	Chromosomal translocations, point mutations, amplifications	Increase	439
	A20	TNFAIP3	Point mutations	Decrease	440
	CARD11	CARMA1	Chromosomal translocation; point mutation	Increase	441
T‐cell lymphoma	p52/p100	NFKB2	C‐terminal truncations	Increase	285
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia	MYD88	MYD88	Mutations, deletions	Increase	447
	TRAF3	TRAF3	Mutations, deletions, amplifications	Decrease	7 , 426

Abbreviations: Bcl3, B‐cell leukemia/lymphoma 3; CARD11, caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 11; CARMA1, CARD‐containing MAGUK protein 1.; CBP, CREB binding protein; CYLD, cylindromatosis; HOIL, heme‐oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase; HOIP, HOIL‐1L‐interacting protein; IKKβ, IκB kinase β; IκB, inhibitor of NF‐κB; LUBAC, linea ubiquitin assembly complex; MALT1, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1; MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; NIK, NF‐κB‐induced kinase; SHARPIN, shank‐associated RH domain interactor; TRAF, TNF‐R‐associated factor.