Table 2.
Studies showing cardiac abnormalities found on TEE that did change, should change, or could potentially change the management of CS/TIA patients after TEE evaluation.
| Study | Patients with TEE, Who Had Normal TTE | Additional TEE Findings not Reported on TTE | LA/LAA/Aortic Thrombi | Spontaneous ECHO Contrast | PFO | ASA | PFO + ASA | ASD | PFO + ASD | Complex Aortic Plaque | Intracardiac Tumors | Valvular Vegetation | Other Valvular Abnormalities | Aortic Arch Aneurysm | Required (Did) Change in the Management in the Study | Should Definitely Change Management per Current Guidelines @ | Could Potentially Change Management # |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marino et al., 2016 | 263 | 112 | 1 | 13 | 18 | 25 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | 1 | 1 | 68 |
| Gaudron et al., 2014 | 127 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | 12 | 1 | 32 |
| Zhang et al., 2012 * | 21 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NR | 6 | 0 | 11 |
| Knebel et al., 2009 | 702 | 369 | 17 | 18 | 152 | 51 | NR | 28 | NR | 102 | 1 | 14 | 111 | NR | NR | 32 | 364 |
| de Bruijn et al., 2006 | 231 | 90 | 38 | 3 | 9 | 3 | NR | NR | NR | 68 | NR | NR | 0 | NR | 38 | 38 | 53 |
| Blum et al., 2004 | 68 | 28 | 3 | NR | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 0 | NR | NR | NR | 28 | 3 | 8 |
| de Abreu et al., 2008 | 84 | 27 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 2 | NR | NR | 23 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 27 | 7 | 23 |
| Harloff et al., 2005 | 212 | 65 | 14 | 5 | 43 | 8 | 31 | NR | NR | 37 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 17 | 14 | 101 |
| Shyu et al., 1993 * | 60 | 18 | 2 | 2 | NR | 7 | NR | NR | NR | 4 | NR | NR | 4 | NR | 18 | 2 | 15 |
| Rauth et al., 1996 | 30 | 24 | 3 | NR | 7 | 2 | 1 | NR | NR | 19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 3 | 3 | 13 |
| Cujec et al., 1991 * | 39 | 7 | 1 | NR | 2 | 2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 0 | 0 | 2 | NR | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Pop et al., 1990 * | 53 | 26 | 1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 22 | NR | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 |
| Pearson et al., 1991 * | 38 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 3 | NR | NR | 0 | 11 |
| Censori et al., 1998 * | 43 | 22 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 2 | NR | NR | NR | 2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1 | 1 | 23 |
| Retting et al., 2008 | 83 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 1 | NR | NR | 2 | NR | 1 | 1 | NR | 6 | 2 | 19 |
| Total: 15 studies | 2054 | 845 | 90 | 47 | 290 | 123 | 62 | 31 | 1 | 349 | 1 | 16 | 122 | 1 | 162 | 108 | 752 |
| 4 NR | 2 NR | 1 NR | 6 NR | 10 NR | 11 NR | 2 NR | 9 NR | 8 NR | 5 NR | 14 NR | 2 NR |
* Patients/data were taken from the subgroup analysis for patients meeting study criteria (without evidence of atrial fibrillation and/or heart disease and/or without indication for anticoagulation prior to TEE). @ Should definitely change in management per current guidelines: LA/LAA/aortic thrombus + valvular vegetation + intracardiac tumor + aortic artery dissection. # Could potentially change management: LA/LAA/aortic thrombus + valvular vegetation + intracardiac tumor + spontaneous ECHO contrast + PFO/ASA + valvular abnormalities. ASA: Atrial septal abnormality; ASD: atrial septal defect; LAA: left atrial appendage; PFO: patent foramen ovale; NR: not reported or measured in the study.