Figure 3.

Effect of Lactobacillus iners cell-free supernatant (CFS) on in vitro biofilm formation by Candida albicans clinical isolates characterized as strong biofilm producers and C. albicans ATCC 10231 reference strain. Biofilms of C. albicans clinical isolates and reference strain were grown for 24 h using RPMI 1640 + BHI broth or 24/48 h L. iners CFS in a 1:1 ratio. Biofilm biomass was evaluated using the crystal violet staining method (OD₅₉₅, black bars, left y-axis), and metabolic activity was determined using the XTT reduction assay (OD₄₉₀, red bars, right y-axis). Values represent mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Statistically significant differences were tested using one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test.