Table 4.
Disintegration times of the capsules as determined by salivary caffeine and MRI, and gastric emptying times (if applicable mean ± SD).
| Combination | Natural Type Caffeine Appearance Time (Outer Capsule) |
Disintegration Time Detected by MRI (Black Iron Oxide) |
13C3-Caffeine Appearance Time (Inner Capsule) |
Time Span between the Appearance of Natural Caffeine from the Outer and 13C3-Caffeine from the Inner Capsule |
Gastric Emptying Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vcaps® HPMC capsule | -//- | 23 ± 12 min | 22 ± 12 min | -//- | 25 min (n = 2) |
| Vcaps® Plus HPMC capsule | -//- | 12 ± 5 min | 15 ± 0 min | -//- | 15 min (n = 1) |
| DRcaps® designed release capsule | -//- | 37 ± 12 min | 25 ± 11 min | -//- | 15 ± 0 min (n = 4) |
| VC-in-VC | 28 ± 9 min | 40 ± 24 min | 43 ± 20 min | 11 ± 10 min | 30 min (n = 2) |
| VCP-in-VC | 25 ± 8 min | 40 ± 18 min | 40 ± 23 min | 16 ± 18 min | 20 min (n = 2) |
| DR-in-VC | 22 ± 7 min | 82 ± 38 min | 57 ± 28 min | 36 ± 24 min | 25 ± 12 min (n = 4) |
| DR-in-HGC | 10 ± 5 min | 74 ± 19 min | 53 ± 17 min | 43 ± 17 min | 35 min (n = 2) |
| VC-in-DR | 28 ± 11 min | 83 ± 33 min | 65 ± 26 min | 37 ± 23 min | 30 ± 20 min (n = 5) |
| VCP-in-DR | 23 ± 12 min | 75 ± 8 min | 59 ± 16 min | 41 ± 21 min | 44 ± 3 min (n = 5) |
| DR-in-DR | 32 ± 7 min | 123 ± 25 min | 115 ± 31 min | 83 ± 27 min | 41 ± 28 min (n = 6) |