Table 1.
Comparison of zebrafish toxicological compound studies with focus on cardio-, neuro-, hepato- and nephrotoxicity.
| Study | Compounds | Treatment Period | Predictivity | Bioavailability Ensured |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiotoxicity | ||||
| Alzualde et al., 2015 [68] | Atropine, BAYK8644, Cisapride, Dofetilide, E4031, Flecainide, JNJ303, Quinidine, Salmeterol, Terfenadine, Thiorizidine, Torcetrapib, Verapamil | 4 h (48–52 hpf) | Sensitivity 85% Specificity n.a. |
Yes |
| Burns et al., 2005 [69] | Acetaminophen, Allopurinol, Amiodarone, Astemizole, Cimetidine, Tamoxifen | 24 h (2–3 dpf) | Sensitivity 100% Specificity 100% |
No |
| Milan et al., 2003 [70] | 100 drugs including chlorpromazine, digitoxin and progesterone | 4 h at 2 dpf | Sensitivity 96% Specificity 77% |
Yes |
| Zhu et al., 2014 [71] | Aspirin, Clomipramine, Cyclophosphamide monohydrate, Gentamicin sulphate, Nimodipine, Quinidine, Terfenadine, Tetracycline hydrochloride | 24 h (2–3 dpf) | Sensitivity 100% Specificity 100% |
Yes |
| Neurotoxicity | ||||
| Dach et al., 2019 [42] | NTP 91 compound library | up to 114 h (6 hpf–5 dpf) | Sensitivity n.a. Specificity 60% |
No |
| Hagstrom et al., 2019 [72] | NTP 91 compound library | up to 114 h (6 hpf–5 dpf) | Sensitivity 95% Specificity n.a. |
No |
| Hepatotoxicity | ||||
| Hill et al., 2012 [73] | 33 drugs including Troglitazone and Diclofenac | 48 h (3–5 dpf) | Sensitivity 91% Specificity 77% |
Yes |
| Nephrotoxicity | ||||
| Bauer et al., 2021 [74] | Aristolochic acid, Cadmium chloride, Gentamicin, Ochratoxin A, Potassium bromate |
48 h (3–5 dpf) | Sensitivity 80% Specificity n.a. |
Partially (microinjection of gentamicin) |
| Gorgulho et al., 2018 [75] | Gentamicin, Paracetamol, Tenofovir, Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate | 24 h (4–5 dpf) | Sensitivity 100% Specificity n.a. |
No |
| Westhoff et al., 2013 [76] | Acetaminophen, Ampicillin, Indomethacin, Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Losartan, Penicillin G | 24 h (24–48 hpf) | Sensitivity 75% Specificity n.a. |
No |
| Westhoff et al., 2020 [77] | Prestwick chemical library®, including 1285 off-patent small molecules, >95% approved drugs | 24 h (24–48 hpf) | Sensitivity n.a. Specificity n.a. |
No |
| Wu et al., 2012 [78] | Citrinin, Patulin | 42 h (6–48 hpf) 66 h (6–72 hpf) 90 h (6–96 hpf) 24 h (24–48 hpf) 48 h (24–72 hpf) 72 h (24–96 hpf) |
Sensitivity 100% Specificity n.a. |
No |