Figure 20.

(a) The SEM image of the device. (b) The energy band diagrams of employed materials. (c) The stability measurement of the devices with various ETLs in ambient conditions without encapsulation. Reproduced with permission from Reference [182]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH. (d) The SEM image of the device. (e) The energy band diagrams of each layer. (f) The EQE and J_sc of the device with Ti₃C₂, SnO₂–Ti₃C₂ (1.0 wt%), and SnO₂. Reproduced with permission from Reference [183]. Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry. (g) The SEM image of the device. (h) The energy band diagrams of MXene modified PVSK solar cell. (i) The PCE and Jsc of the device under their maximum power points. Reproduced with permission from Reference [184]. Copyright 2020, American Chemical Society.