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. 2021 Dec 10;12:766293. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766293

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Copyright © 2021 Simpson, Roberts, Thompson, Leiper, Gittens, Trotter, Duckworth, Papoutsopoulou, Miyajima, Roberts, O’Kennedy, Rhodes and Campbell.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evaluation of a range of dietary plant soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) for their ability to prevent the adhesion of C. difficile to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. (A) Adhesion of C. difficile isolate 080042 to confluent Caco-2 [Caco2] cells monolayers is significantly inhibited in the presence of 5 mg/ml NSP from runner bean, broccoli, leek, bell pepper, plantain and tomato. Further analysis showed C. difficile epithelial adhesion to be reduced in a dose dependent manner by, (B) leek NSP and (C) broccoli NSP, compared to blockade seen with 10 mg/ml plantain NSP. Adhesion was measured as relative to CFU/mL quantified in the absence of NSP (set as 100%). All N = 3 experiments, n = 3–4; excepting for leek NSP (N = 1, n = 3); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001; Kruskal-Wallis test).