Table 2.

Niosomes’ drug delivery applications.

Composition	Cargo	Application	Reference
Span 60, cholesterol and bile salt	Acetazolamide	Decrease ocular pressure in glaucoma patients	[39]
Span 60, cholesterol, HMPC and carbopol	Acetazolamide and carvedilol	Decrease ocular pression in glaucoma patients	[40]
Cholesterol, lecithin, Span 60 and Tween 60	Acyclovir	Antiviral	[41]
Span60, Cholesterol and DCP or Span60, Cholesterol and TPGS			[42]
Cholesterol and Span 40	Betaxolol	Glaucoma treatment	[43]
Ergosterol, Span 60 and Tween 60	Carum	Anticancer	[44]
Cholesterol and Span/Tween 60	Carvedilol	Congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, postmyocardial settings	[45]
Bile salt-enriched vesicles, with 20% sodium cholate and 30% sodium taurocholate		Beta receptor blocking activity to preclude angina and cardiac arrhythmias	[46]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 60	Cephalexin	Antibacterial	[47]
Cholesterol, Span 40 and Tween 40	Ciprofloxacin	Antibacterial	[48]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 60			[49]
Cholesterol, span and tween 20	Curcumin	Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory	[50]
Cholesterol, Span 80, PEG	Daunorubicin and anti-CD123	Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia	[51]
Cholesterol, Span 40 and tween 40	D-limonene	Cancer therapy	[52]
Pluronic L64, Tween 60, EMG 707 Ferrofluid	Doxorubicin	Therapy against chronic myelogenous leukemia	[53]
Pluronic L64, Cholesterol and transferrin		Cancer therapy	[54]
Cholesterol, Span 40 and tween 40	Doxorubicin and Hydrophobin-1	Cancer therapy	[55]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Doxorubicin and N-lauryl glucosamine	Targeted cancer therapy	[56]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 60	Doxycyclin	Treatment of infection-associated prostate cancer	[57]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Doxycyclin hyclate	Management of ocular diseases	[58]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and phospholipid 90G	Embelin	Diabetes treatment	[59]
Span 40, Span 60, and Brij series 72	Fluconazole	Antifungal treatments	[60]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Flurbiprofen	Anti-inflammatory	[61]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 65	Gemcitabine and cisplatin	Lung cancer treatment	[62]
Cholesterol, Span 40 and Tween 80	Levofloxacin	Antibacterial	[63]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Linezolid	Antibacterial	[64]
Cholesterol, Span 80 and Tween 80	Methotrexate	Solid tumor treatment	[65]
Span 60, PVA and cremophor RH40			[66]
Cholesterol and glucopyranoside			[67]
Cholesterol and Span 40	Metformin hydrochloride	Avoid Metformin-associated lactic acidosis in the treatment of diabetes mellitus	[68]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Minocyclin	Antibacterial coating of dental implants	[69]
Cholesterol and Tween 60	Moxifloxacin	Antimicrobial	[70]
Cholesterol and tyloxapol	Nevirapine	HIV treatment	[71]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and SolulanC24	N-palmitoylglucosamine	Brain targeting of dynorphin-B	[72]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and PEG	Simvastatin	Against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury	[73]
Cholesterol, Span 20 and Span 60		Pediatric transdermal dyslipidemia treatment	[74]
Cholesterol and sorbitan monostearate	Tamoxifen citrate	Incorporated in hydrogel as a pH-responsive drug delivery for breast cancer treatment	[75]
Cholesterol and Span 20	Tamoxifen citrate and doxorubicin	Breast cancer treatment	[76]
Cholesterol, Span60, PEG and TAT peptide	Tenofovir	HIV treatment	[77]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 40	Timolol maleate	Glaucoma treatment	[78]
Cholesterol and Span 60			[79]
Cholesterol and Span 40
Cholesterol and Span 60	Timolol maleate and Brimonidine tartrate	Glaucoma treatment	[80]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 60	Tobramycin	Antibacterial	[81]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and Tween 40	Vancomycin	Antibacterial	[82]
Cholesterol and Span 60		Antibacterial coating for bone plates	[83]
Cholesterol and Tween 40	Zolmitriptan	Migraine treatment	[84]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Chlorotoxin and temozolomide	Targeting and treatment of glyomas	[85]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and PEG	Doxorubicin, curcumin and tLyp-1 peptide	Glioblastoma treatment	[86]
PEG, Tween 80, Octadecylamine	Akt 1 siRNA, Au NPs and Thymoquinone	Treatment of resistance in breast cancer	[87]
Span 80 and PEG	BBIQ [Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 agonist] and D-1MT [Indoleamine2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor]	Cancer vaccine	[88]
Tween 80 and DTPA-Cl	BMP-7 plasmid	Bone regeneration	[89,90]
Cholesterol and Span 60	CD9 and CD63 tetraspanins	Exosomes immunoassays	[90]
Cholesterol, monopalmitin and Dicetyl phosphate	Influenza antigen	Vaccine and immune response	[91]
Cholesterol, Span 80 and Tween 80	NLS-Mu-Mu fusion protein	Gene delivery	[92]
Tween 60, DOTMA and lycopene	pCMS-EGFP plasmid	Gene delivery to the brain	[93]
Cholesterol, Span 20 and plier-like cationic lipid A (PCL-A)	pDNA or siRNA	Nucleic acid delivery	[94]
DOTMA, Tween 20 and Squalene	pEGFP, pGFP, MC-GFP	Treatment of inherited retinal diseases	[95]
Cholesterol and Span 20	pH (Low) insertion peptide (pHLIP)	Tumor targeting	[96]
Cholesterol, Tween 20 and cationic lipid (N1,N1-dimyristeroyloxyethyl-spermine)	plasmid DNA-encoding ovalbumin (pOVA)	Skin vaccination	[97]
2,3-di(tetradecyloxy)propan-1-amine cationic lipid, squalene and Tween 80	Plasmid pCMS-EGFP	Delivery of genetic materials to the retina	[98]
Cholesterol and Span 60	Protective antigen (PA) and PA domain 4 (D4) of Bacillus anthracis	prophylaxis against anthrax	[99]
Span 80, DOTAP, TPGS and indocyanine green	siGFP, anti-miR-138	Promote osteogenesis in hMSCs, theranostic applications	[100]
Cholesterol, Tween 85 and DDAB	siRNA	Melanoma treatment	[101]
Cholesterol, Span 20 and plier-like cationic lipid B (PCL-B)	siRNA against anti-apoptotic genes (Mcl-1, Bcl-2 and survivin) and doxorubicin	Breast cancer therapy	[102]
Cholesterol, Span 60 and PEG	siRNA/proteamine and iron superparamagnetic NPs	Breast cancer therapy	[103]
Cholesterol, DOTAP, PEG and Tween 60	siRNA targeted the CDC20 mRNA, doxorubicin and quercetin	Cancer treatment	[104]
Cholesterol and Tween 80	Ciprofloxacin, rifabutin and lignin Ag NPs	Antibacterial	[105]
Cholesterol and Span 80	Curcumin and Ag/Cu NPs	Antibacterial	[106]
Ergosterol, Span 60 and Tween 60	Protamine-condensed DNA and Fe3O4 NPs	Magnetic properties and cargo-targeted delivery	[107]