Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Parameter | All (n = 625) |
No Lung Cancer after HTX (n = 584) |
Lung Cancer after HTX (n = 41) |
Difference | 95% CI | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient data | |||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 52.0 ± 10.4 | 51.7 ± 10.5 | 55.4 ± 8.4 | 3.7 | 0.9–6.5 | 0.01 | * |
| Male sex, n (%) | 490 (78.4%) | 454 (77.7%) | 36 (87.8%) | 10.1% | −0.5–20.7% | 0.13 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.9 ± 4.0 | 24.9 ± 4.0 | 24.9 ± 3.3 | 0.0 | −1.1–1.1 | 0.97 | |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 342 (54.7%) | 314 (53.8%) | 28 (68.3%) | 14.5% | −0.3–29.3% | 0.07 | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 397 (63.5%) | 366 (62.7%) | 31 (75.6%) | 12.9% | −0.8–26.6% | 0.10 | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 211 (33.8%) | 194 (33.2%) | 17 (41.5%) | 8.3% | −7.3–23.9% | 0.28 | |
| Coronary artery disease †, n (%) | 256 (41.0%) | 232 (39.7%) | 24 (58.5%) | 18.8% | 3.2–34.4% | 0.02 | * |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 84 (13.4%) | 71 (12.2%) | 13 (31.7%) | 19.5% | 5.0–34.0% | <0.01 | * |
| COPD, n (%) | 151 (24.2%) | 135 (23.1%) | 16 (39.0%) | 15.9% | 0.6–31.2% | 0.02 | * |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 381 (61.0%) | 341 (58.4%) | 40 (97.6%) | 39.2% | 33.0–45.4% | <0.01 | * |
| Pack years (py), mean ± SD | 12.6 ± 14.3 | 12.0 ± 14.4 | 20.2 ± 10.5 | 8.2 | 4.7–11.7 | <0.01 | * |
| Renal insufficiency ^, n (%) | 358 (57.3%) | 333 (57.0%) | 25 (61.0%) | 4.0% | −11.5–19.5% | 0.62 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 60.4 ± 21.7 | 60.5 ± 22.0 | 59.5 ± 16.1 | 1.0 | −4.3–6.3 | 0.72 | |
| Previous open-heart surgery | |||||||
| Overall open-heart surgery, n (%) | 183 (29.3%) | 175 (30.0%) | 8 (19.5%) | 10.5% | −2.2–23.2% | 0.16 | |
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 78 (12.5%) | 73 (12.5%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.3% | −10.1–10.7% | 0.95 | |
| Other surgery °, n (%) | 70 (11.2%) | 67 (11.5%) | 3 (7.3%) | 4.2% | −4.2–12.6% | 0.41 | |
| VAD surgery, n (%) | 48 (7.7%) | 48 (8.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8.2% | −0.6–10.8% | 0.06 | |
| Principal diagnosis for HTX | |||||||
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 208 (33.3%) | 190 (32.5%) | 18 (43.9%) | 11.4% | −4.3–27.1% | 0.14 | |
| Non-ischemic CMP, n (%) | 383 (61.3%) | 361 (61.8%) | 22 (53.7%) | 8.1% | −7.6–23.8% | 0.30 | |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 34 (5.4%) | 33 (5.7%) | 1 (2.4%) | 3.3% | −1.8–8.4% | 0.38 | |
| Donor data | |||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 41.0 ± 13.5 | 41.3 ± 13.5 | 37.4 ± 13.0 | 3.9 | −0.4–8.2 | 0.07 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 271 (43.4%) | 249 (42.6%) | 22 (53.7%) | 11.1% | −4.7–26.9% | 0.17 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.8 ± 4.1 | 24.8 ± 4.1 | 24.2 ± 3.6 | 0.6 | −0.6–1.8 | 0.27 | |
| Transplant sex mismatch | |||||||
| Mismatch, n (%) | 280 (44.8%) | 266 (45.5%) | 14 (34.1%) | 11.4% | −3.7–26.5% | 0.16 | |
| Donor (m) to recipient (f), n (%) | 30 (4.8%) | 30 (5.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5.1% | −3.6–7.2% | 0.14 | |
| Donor (f) to recipient (m), n (%) | 250 (40.0%) | 236 (40.4%) | 14 (34.1%) | 6.3% | −8.7–21.3% | 0.43 | |
| Perioperative data | |||||||
| Ischemic time (min), mean ± SD | 222.4 ± 68.6 | 223.3 ± 69.0 | 209.4 ± 61.8 | 13.9 | −6.3–34.1 | 0.17 | |
| Biatrial HTX, n (%) | 164 (26.2%) | 152 (26.0%) | 12 (29.3%) | 3.3% | −11.1–17.7% | 0.65 | |
| Bicaval HTX, n (%) | 184 (29.5%) | 173 (29.6%) | 11 (26.8%) | 2.8% | −11.3–16.9% | 0.70 | |
| Total orthotopic HTX, n (%) | 277 (44.3%) | 259 (44.4%) | 18 (43.9%) | 0.5% | −15.2–16.2% | 0.96 |
Abbreviations: CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CI = confidence interval; CMP = cardiomyopathy; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; f = female; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HTX = heart transplantation; m = male; n = number; py = pack year; SD = standard deviation; VAD = ventricular assist device; † = presence of coronary artery disease before HTX; ^ = eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2; ° = congenital, valvular or ventricular surgery; * = statistically significant (p < 0.05).