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. 2021 Dec 20;10(12):1645. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10121645

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Plasmid curing of Eco_b1 and epithelial invasion of the cured strain. (a) hha PCR of Eco_r1, Eco_b1 before and after plasmid curing of Eco_b1 (Eco_b1_cured). Invasion assay with Eco_b1 and Eco_b1_cured in (b) CaCo-2 cells, (c) transition into the lower chamber and (d) a gut organoid model. Translocation occurred into the lower well after 90 min of incubation. Results are of three or more independent experiments. The comparison of two data groups were analyzed by Mann– Whitney U test (one-tailed, confidence intervals 95%) with *: p ≤ 0.05, **: p ≤ 0.01.

Plasmid curing of Eco_b1 and epithelial invasion of the cured strain. (a) hha PCR of Eco_r1, Eco_b1 before and after plasmid curing of Eco_b1 (Eco_b1_cured). Invasion assay with Eco_b1 and Eco_b1_cured in (b) CaCo-2 cells, (c) transition into the lower chamber and (d) a gut organoid model. Translocation occurred into the lower well after 90 min of incubation. Results are of three or more independent experiments. The comparison of two data groups were analyzed by Mann– Whitney U test (one-tailed, confidence intervals 95%) with *: p ≤ 0.05, **: p ≤ 0.01.