Table 1.
Regulatory peptides involved in mediating asthma symptoms. A description of the action of a particular peptide and the receptors through which it acts (animal studies).
| Peptide (Sequence) | Asthma Suppression | Asthma Promoting | Receptors | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuropeptide Y (NPY) (YPSKPDNPGEDAPAEDLARYYSALRHYINLITRQRY) |
Induction of AHR | [19,20] | ||
| ↑ AHR and airway inflammation | NPY-Y1 | [11,19] | ||
| Neurotensin (NT) (XLYENKPRRPYIL) |
↓ AHR and inflammation | NTSR1 | [10,26,27] | |
| Neuropeptide S (NPS) (SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS) |
↓ AHR | [35] | ||
| Nociceptin (N)/Orphanin OFQ (FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ) |
↓ airway constriction ↓ inflammation | NOP1 | [40,43,44,46] | |
| Bombesin (BN) (XQRLGNQWAVGHLM) | ↑ neutrophilic inflammation ↑ cytokine production |
GRPR | [53,55,56,57] | |
| ↑ contractile response | GRPR | [52] | ||
| ↑ mast cell proliferation and chemotaxis | [54] | |||
| ↑ airway injury and re-modeling | BRS-3 | [58,61] | ||
|
Somatostatin (ST) (AGCKNFFWKTFTSC) |
↓ inflammation and AHR | sst4 | [71,72,73,74] |