Table 2.
Cox-proportional hazard models for CVD and all-cause mortality and CVD events according to a favourable, intermediate or unfavourable Lifestyle Score (LS) and polygenic risk score in UK Biobank participants.
| Overall (n = 76,958) | Males (n = 34,968) | Females (n = 41,990) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | Cases | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | Cases | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
| All-cause mortality | 2408 | 1415 | 993 | |||||||||
| Favourable LS | 1120 | 1.00 | 594 | 1.00 | 526 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Intermediate LS | 1146 | 1.31 | 1.21, 1.43 | <0.001 | 721 | 1.33 | 1.20, 1.49 | <0.001 | 425 | 1.29 | 1.14, 1.47 | <0.001 |
| Unfavourable LS | 142 | 2.06 | 1.73, 2.45 | <0.001 | 100 | 2.17 | 1.76, 2.69 | <0.001 | 42 | 1.85 | 1.35, 2.54 | <0.001 |
| Polygenic risk score | 1.00 | 0.97, 1.05 | 0.64 | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 | 0.64 | 1.00 | 0.93, 1.05 | 0.74 | |||
| CVD mortality | 364 | 263 | 101 | |||||||||
| Favourable LS | 161 | 1.00 | 108 | 1.00 | 53 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Intermediate LS | 177 | 1.35 | 1.09, 1.67 | 0.007 | 133 | 1.35 | 1.05, 1.75 | 0.020 | 44 | 1.32 | 0.88, 1.96 | 0.18 |
| Unfavourable LS | 26 | 2.48 | 1.64, 3.76 | <0.001 | 22 | 2.66 | 1.68, 4.21 | <0.001 | 4 | 1.79 | 0.65, 4.95 | 0.26 |
| Polygenic risk score | 1.11 | 1.00, 1.23 | 0.05 | 1.13 | 1.00, 1.28 | 0.045 | 1.04 | 0.86, 1.27 | 0.68 | |||
| Myocardial Infarction | 1140 | 822 | 318 | |||||||||
| Favourable LS | 509 | 1.00 | 355 | 1.00 | 154 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Intermediate LS | 560 | 1.34 | 1.19, 1.52 | <0.001 | 410 | 1.27 | 1.10, 1.46 | 0.001 | 150 | 1.54 | 1.23, 1.92 | <0.001 |
| Unfavourable LS | 71 | 2.12 | 1.65, 2.72 | <0.001 | 57 | 2.11 | 1.60, 2.80 | <0.001 | 14 | 2.00 | 1.16, 3.47 | 0.013 |
| Polygenic risk score | 1.35 | 1.27, 1.43 | <0.001 | 1.42 | 1.33, 1.52 | <0.001 | 1.19 | 1.06, 1.32 | 0.003 | |||
| Stroke | 748 | 447 | 301 | |||||||||
| Favourable LS | 374 | 1.00 | 222 | 1.00 | 152 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Intermediate LS | 335 | 1.15 | 1.00, 1.34 | 0.059 | 201 | 1.00 | 0.83, 1.21 | 0.99 | 134 | 1.42 | 1.13, 1.79 | 0.003 |
| Unfavourable HLS | 39 | 1.74 | 1.25, 2.43 | 0.001 | 24 | 1.43 | 0.94, 2.18 | 0.10 | 15 | 2.37 | 1.39, 4.03 | 0.002 |
| Polygenic risk score | 1.02 | 0.95, 1.10 | 0.52 | 0.99 | 0.90, 1.08 | 0.75 | 1.08 | 0.97, 1.21 | 0.18 | |||
CVD, cardiovascular disease; Lifestyle Score based on smoking status, BMI, diet quality, physical activity, sleep duration and sedentary time. Favourable lifestyle was 4 or more health behaviours; intermediate lifestyle was 2 or 3 health behaviours; unfavourable lifestyle was 0 or 1 health behaviours. Analyses were adjusted for age (time scale), sex (when not used to stratify), deprivation (categorical). PRS was also adjusted for the first 8 principal components of ancestry and genotyping batch. Models include the main effects of diet quality and PRS without interaction terms.