Table 1.
Characterization of the study population by the adherence to the Dutch physical activity (PA) guideline based on the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH), and by PA level based on ActiHeart. Chi-Square for categorical variables, t-test for parametric variables and non-parametric Mann–Whitney test were used for statistical testing to compare the active vs. sedentary group. Data are expressed as means ± SD, absolute numbers with percentages or medians with 95% CI.
| Complete | SQUASH: Subjective Monitoring | ActiHeart: Objective Monitoring | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete | Sedentary | Active | p-Value | Complete | Sedentary | Active | p-Value | ||
| n | 1334 | 1309 | 441 | 868 | 162 | 100 | 62 | ||
| Age | 51.0 ± 10.8 | 51.9 ± 10.7 | 49.0 ± 10.5 | 53.4 ± 10.5 | <0.001 | 51.1 ± 7.4 | 51.8 ± 6.5 | 50.0 ± 8.5 | 0.125 |
| Seks (n, %) | |||||||||
| Men | 647 (48.5) | 633 (48.4) | 203 (46.0) | 431 (49.1) | 0.187 | 76 (46.9) | 47 (47.0) | 29 (46.8) | 0.975 |
| Women | 687 (51.5) | 673 (51.4) | 238 (54.0) | 435 (50.9) | 0.187 | 86 (53.1) | 53 (53.0) | 33 (53.2) | 0.975 |
| Ethnicity (n, %) | |||||||||
| AS | 170 (12.7) | 166 (12.7) | 75 (17.0) | 91 (10.5) | 0.001 | 13 (8.0) | 6 (6.0) | 7 (11.3) | 0.250 |
| SAS | 99 (7.4) | 92 (7.0) | 46 (10.4) | 46 (5.3) | 0.001 | 11 (6.8) | 5 (5.0) | 6 (9.7) | 0.228 |
| Maroccan | 346 (25.9) | 344 (26.3) | 110 (24.9) | 234 (27.0) | 0.434 | 43 (26.5) | 28 (28.0) | 15 (24.2) | 0.597 |
| Turkish | 286 (21.4) | 281 (21.5) | 109 (24.7) | 172 (19.8) | 0.041 | 32 (19.8) | 22 (22.0) | 10 (6.2) | 0.362 |
| Dutch origin | 434 (32.5) | 426 (32.5) | 101 (22.9) | 325 (37.4) | <0.001 | 63 (38.9) | 39 (39.0) | 24 (38.7) | 0.971 |
| Weight (kg) | 77.4 ± 15.0 | 77.4 ± 14.9 | 79.4 ± 16.5 | 76.4 ± 14.0 | 0.001 | 76.7 ± 14.9 | 76.8 ± 15.0 | 76.7 ± 14.9 | 0.971 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.8 | 28.0 ± 5.2 | 26.7 ± 4.5 | <0.001 | 26.5 ± 4.6 | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 4.4 | 0.577 |
| Fat mass (%) | 30.6 ± 9.2 | 30.6 ± 9.3 | 31.7 ± 9.5 | 30.0 ± 9.1 | 0.002 | 30.9 ± 7.8 | 31.4 ± 7.9 | 30.1 ± 7.6 | 0.314 |
| WC (cm) | 94.0 ± 12.4 | 94.0 ± 12.4 | 95.3 ± 13.6 | 93.3 ± 11.7 | 0.007 | 93.1 ± 11.5 | 93.9 ± 10.8 | 91.7 ± 12.5 | 0.235 |
| WHR | 0.92 ± 0.1 | 1.00 ± 2.1 | 0.91 ± 0.1 | 0.98 ± 1.7 | 0.292 | 0.92 ± 0.1 | 0.93 ± 0.1 | 0.91 ± 0.1 | 0.034 |
| TC (cm) | 58.8 ± 10.3 | 58.9 ± 10.4 | 59.8 ± 10.2 | 58.4 ± 10.4 | 0.022 | 58.2 ± 9.8 | 58.0 ± 8.4 | 58.6 ± 11.8 | 0.733 |
| CC (cm) | 37.5 ± 3.4 | 37.5 ± 3.4 | 37.9 ± 3.9 | 37.3 ± 3.2 | 0.001 | 37.6 ± 3.4 | 37.9 ± 3.6 | 37.2 ± 3.1 | 0.233 |
| Muscle strength (N) | 208.6 ± 76.9 | 208.5 ± 76.9 | 201.0 ± 77.8 | 212.3 ± 76.2 | 0.013 | 209.5 ± 69.1 | 208.0 ± 70.0 | 211.7 ± 68.3 | 0.745 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 74 (74.6–76.5) | 74 (74.7–76.6) | 73 (72.7–76.5) | 75 (75.1–77.2) | 0.007 * | 74.0 (72.6–77.4) | 76.8 (71.1–76.7) | 72.5 (72.4–81.2) | 0.642 * |
| CK (µmol/L) | 119 (146.7–161.9) | 120 (147.2–162.7) | 112 (141.1–175.7) | 123 (145.5–160.9) | 0.141 * | 123.5 (132.8–167.0) | 117.0 (122.0–159.6) | 134.0 (131.2–197.9) | 0.305 * |
AS, African Surinamese; BMI, body mass index; CC, calf circumference; CK, creatinine kinase; N, newton; SAS, South-Asian Surinamese; TC, thigh circumference; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip-ratio. * Non-parametric Mann Whitney U test.