Table 3.

List of tools used to assess sleep disorders in the considered papers, with a brief description.

Tool	Description	Structure	Validated	Ref.
CSHQ	Parent-report sleep screening survey	33 three-point scale items grouped in 8 subscales relating to the major presenting clinical sleep complaints in pediatric age: bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness	Y	Markovich A.N. et al., 2015 [34]
BEARS	Pediatric sleep screening instrument	This includes 5 items: B = bedtime issues, E = excessive daytime sleepiness, A = night awakenings, R = regularity and duration of sleep, S = snoring	Y	Owens J.A. et al., 2005 [35]
SHIP	Instrument to target the sleep issues common in pediatric patients with headaches	This clearly differentiates between participants for whom sleep was and was not a clinical concern; positively correlates with anxiety, depression, and disability	Y	Rabner J. et al., 2017 [23]
SDSC	Parent-report sleep screening survey	26 items grouped in 6 subscales relating to the major presenting clinical sleep complaints in the pediatric age group: difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep (DIMS), sleep breathing disorders (SBD), disorders of arousals/nightmares (DA), sleep/wake transition disorders (SWTD), disorders of excessive somnolence (DOES), and sleep hyperhidrosis (SHY). Each item is rated on a five-point scale	Y	Bruni O. et al., 1996 [36]
PDSS	Self-report questionnaire	Self-assessment instrument describing some daily life situations related to sleep habits, waking time, and sleep problems	Y	Badia P. et al., 2003 [37]

Abbreviations. CSHQ: children’s sleep habits questionnaire; BEARS: B = bedtime issues, E = excessive daytime sleepiness, A = night awakenings, R = regularity and duration of sleep, S = snoring; SHIP: sleep hygiene inventory for pediatrics; SDSC: sleep disturbance scale for children; PDSS: pediatric daytime sleepiness scale.