Table 1.
Overview of literature reporting the inhibition of Botrytis cinerea through the production of diffusible antifungal metabolites.
| Antifungal Microorganisms | Condition/Plant | Antifungal Metabolite | Antifungal Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria | ||||
| Actinoalloteichus cyanogriseus 12A22 | In vitro | 2-Hydroxyethyl-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone | Growth inhibition | [70] |
| Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VB7 | In vitro and foliar application | Phthalic acid, hept-3-yl isobutyl ester and propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-, methyl ester | Conidia parasitationSuppression of mycelial growth | [71] |
| Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 | Apple fruit | Fengycin | Open pores in the plasma membrane | [72] |
| Bacillus velezensis Bvel1 | Pepper and grape plants | Bacillibactin | Suppression of fungal growth by chelating the available ferric iron | [73] |
| Bacillus velezensis XT1 | In vitro and in fruits (Tomatoes, grapes, strawberries) | Surfactin, fengycin, and bacillomycin | Open pores in the plasma membrane | [56] |
| Kosakonia radicincitans DSM 16656 | In vitro and in apple fruit | Enterochelin | Blocking the polygalacturonase | [74] |
| Ochrobactrum cicero MM17 | In vitro and Lilium L. | Propanoic acid, −hydoxy-methyl ester; phthalic acid, hex-3-yl isobutyl ester and phthalic acid, hept-3-yl isobutyl ester | Suppression of mycelial growth | [75] |
| Pantoea sp. MQT16M1 | In vitro and in strawberry fruits | Salicylamide, maculosin, and herniarin | Disruption of cell wall components | [76] |
| Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (Pseudomonas sp. PsJN) | In vitro | Lipopolysaccharides | Cytoplasm coagulation | [71] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 | Tomato plants and Arabidopsis thaliana | Pyochelin and pyocyanin | Induction of systemic resistance (ISR) | [77] |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens fp-5 | Strawberry plants | Hydroxamate-type siderophores | Prevention of plant infection | [78] |
| Pseudomonas sp. CHA0 | Soil | Pyoverdine or pseudobactin | Iron depletion | [50] |
| Rahnella aquatilis BNM | In vitro | Enterochelin | Blockage of polygalacturonase | [79] |
| Fungi | ||||
| Acremonium persicinum MF-347833 | In vitro | VL-2397 (cyclic hexapeptide) | Suppression of hyphal elongation | [80] |
| Aspergillus fumigatus AF293 | In vitro | Gliotoxin | DNA disruption | [81] |
| Gliocladium virens 41 | In vitro | Gliotoxin | Inhibition of spore germination | [82] |
| Trichoderma atroviride SJ3-4 | In vitro and in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Borlotto seeds | Glucose oxidase dermadin, trichovirdin and sesquiterpene, heptalic acid | Effect on spore germination | [83] |
| Trichoderma sp. BV1 | Rubus sp. | Gliotoxin | Suppression of conidial germination | [84] |
| Yeasts | ||||
| Aureobasidium pullulans L47 | Post-harvest grape berries, kiwi fruit, and strawberries | Aureobasidins | Inhibition of inositol phosphoryl ceramide synthase | [85] |
| Metschnikowia pulcherrima MPR3 | In vitro | Pulcherrimin | Iron sequestration | [64] |
| Pichia membranifaciens CYC 1106 | Apple fruits | Killer toxin | Damage on membrane, glucanase activity, inhibition of β-1,3-glucansynthase, cell cycle arrestation, and inhibition of calcium uptake | [86] |
| Rhodotorula glutinis ySL 30 | In vitro | Rhodotorulic acid | Inhibition of polygalacturonase and laccase | [87] |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS8112 | Post-harvest pears | Killer toxin | Damage to the membrane, glucanase activity, inhibition of β-1,3-glucansynthase, cell cycle arrestation, and inhibition of calcium uptake | [88] |