Table 2.
Examples of pathophysiological effects related to the presence or application of m-Tyr in animal cells. Information on the methods/analytical procedure used in the experiments is given in parentheses.
| Tissue/Biological Material | Level of m-Tyr | Physiological Effect Linked to m-Tyr and Accompanied Biochemical Changes |
References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human lenses | 20.3 nmol g−1 protein | Cataract related with the lower content of soluble proteins (spectrophotometry) and Phe (HPLC) | [57] |
| Cerebrospinal fluid of newborn infants |
20.5 nM | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy related with the increased content of ascorbic acid (HPLC), the higher ortho-Tyr/Phe and m-Tyr/Phe ratio (GC/MS), and the detection of non-protein-bound iron (spectrophotometry) |
[58] |
| Human synovial fluid | 0.5–3.5 µM | Rheumatoid arthritis. Determination of hydroxyradical attack on Phe (HPLC) | [59] |
| Human tumors (prostate, murine mammary carcinomas) in mice | * Injection of m-Tyr (67 mg kg−1 day−1) |
Inhibition of the implantation of metastases (all treated and control mice were killed and metastases were counted) |
[54] |
| T-lymphoma in BALB/c mice | * Injection of m-Tyr (0.2 mL of 500 μg mL−1 m-Tyr, daily for 5 days) |
Decrease of tumor volume (histopathologic studies), the low expression of proliferation marker Ki-67 protein (immunostaining) | [52] |
| TF-1 erythroblast cell culture | * Treatment with m-Tyr (20 mg L−1) |
Inhibition of cells proliferation (Bürker cell counting chamber) Induction of erythropoietin resistance (erythropoietin-response, cell counting) |
[60,61] |
* no information about used optical isomers.