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Schematic diagram of activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by TXNIP under hyperglycemia. Glucose stimulates excessive ROS generation. TXNIP usually binds and negatively regulates the activity of TXN (thioredoxin). Under stress, TXNIP is dissociated from TXN. TXNIP then binds NLRP3 directly, leading to assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
