Table 1.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis in clinical studies and experimental settings.

Pathology	Sites of EMH	Lineage	Number of Cases	Human/Animal Studies	References
Primary myelofibrosis	Spleen liver		5 patients	Human	[22]
Secondary myelofibrosis after essential thrombocythemia	Spleen		1 patient	Human	[22]
Primary myelofibrosis	Spleen	Malignant primitive HPCs (PB CD34+)	8 patients	Human	[23]
Allograft liver transplant	Liver		27 patients		[30]
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)	Central nervous system, skin, lung,	Leukemia cells	21 patients	Human	[31]
Chronic myelogenous leukemia	Stomach		Case reports	Human	[3,4,32]
Thalassemia	N/A		10 patients	Human	[33]
Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia	Lung		2	Human	[34]
Primary myelofibrosis (MMM)	Spleen	Granulocyte infiltration	213 patients (MMM)	Human	[35]
Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) with thalidomide therapy	Liver/spleen Pericardium	Red blood cells Granulocytic precursors	1 of 7 patients	Human	[36]
Chronic myeloproliferative diseases	Spleen	JAK2(V617F)	15 patients 47 patients	Human Human	[37] [38]
Experimental spondylarthritis	Spleen Inflamed joints	Myelopoiesis	39 mice (13 mice/group)	Animal/experimental	[25]
Inflammation	Spleen, liver, other sites	Megakaryopoiesis	N/A	Animal	[28]
Experimental mutations in the SETD1B gene;	Spleen	Myeloid and lymphoid	N/A	Animal	[39]
Acute myeloid leukemia	Spleen		N/A	Animal	[40]
Experimental overexpression of Tlx1	Spleen		N/A	Animal	[29]
Experimental Dnmt3a loss of function	Spleen, liver	HSC	18 mice	Animal	[41]