Table 2.
Recent studies using bio-scaffolds for nerve injury repair in animal models.
| Bio-Scaffold | Species | Disease | Results | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poly (propylene fumarate) polymer with collagen biomaterial | Rat | Spinal cord injury | Promoted neurotrophy, neuroprotection, myelination, and synapse formation, and reduced CSPG deposits and fibrotic scarring | [133] |
| 3D collagen-based scaffold | Mouse | Neuroblastoma | Promoted microenvironment within scaffold and helps in cell transplantation and drug delivery | [134] |
| Collagen nerve conduit | Rat | Sciatic defect | Promoted motor nerve regeneration | [69] |
| Chitosan hydrogel scaffold | Mouse | Ischemic brain injury | Improved tissue regeneration following hind-limb ischemia | [51] |
| 3D fibrin hydrogel scaffold | Rat | Spinal cord injury | Promoted aligned axonal regrowth and locomotor function | [105] |
| Collagen/heparin/VEGF scaffold | Rat | Traumatic brain injury | Provided an excellent microenvironment for nerve regeneration | [72] |
| Collagen scaffold | Rat | Spinal cord injury | Improved locomotor function and nerve regeneration | [71] |
| Silk fibroin scaffold | Rat | Traumatic brain injury | Neuroprotection | [97] |
| RADA16-BDNF self-assembling peptide hydrogel scaffold |
Rat | Traumatic brain injury | Enhanced the growth, survival, and differentiation of MSCs by providing a favorable microenvironment | [135] |
| Chitin scaffold | Rat | Sciatic nerve injury | Improved sciatic nerve regeneration, myelin sheath formation, and functional recovery | [64] |
| Keratin sponge | Rat | Sciatic nerve injury | Regulated inflammatory cytokine release from macrophages, axon extension, and nerve regeneration | [109] |
| Fibrin hydrogel | Rat | Sciatic nerve defect | Promoted regeneration as well as the secretion and signaling of multiple neurotrophic factors | [106] |
| Keratin sponge | Rat | Spinal cord injury | Improved functional recovery and inhibition of inflammatory response through macrophage polarization | [110] |
Abbreviations: CSPG: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells.