Table 2.
Characteristics of electrospun fibers with intended biological effects from 24 articles reviewed.
| Matrix | Encapsulated Bioactive Compound |
Electrospinning Parameters |
Diameter of Fibers |
Fiber Type |
Biological Effects of Electrospun Fibers |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane | Badger (Meles meles) oil | Voltage: 20 kV Flow Rate:—L/h Distance:15 cm |
375–518 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [2] |
| Polyurethane/Silver nanoparticles (10/3% w/w) |
Olive Oil (Olea europaea L.) | Voltage: 15 kV Flow Rate:—mL/h Distance: 10 cm |
250–550 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [10] |
| Silk fibroin/Gelatin (1:3 w/w) |
Astragaloside IV | Voltage: 15 kV Flow Rate: 0.1 mL/h Distance:—cm |
_ | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing | [16] |
| Chitosan-Deacetylated | Chitosan/L-arginine | Voltage: 28 kV Flow Rate: 1.2 mL/h Distance: 10 cm |
50–500 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [18] |
| Polycaprolactone/Gelatin (Core) (8/4% w/w) Gelatin (Shell) |
Minocycline hydrochloride G. sylvestre extracts |
Voltage: 13 kV Flow Rate: 1.2 & 1 mL/h Distance: 12 cm |
300–450 nm | Core/Shell | Antibacterial Nanofibers | [19] |
| Polylactide/Collagen (20/4% w/v) |
Fermented rooibos A. linearis extracts | Voltage: 25 kV Flow Rate: 0.1 mL/min Distance: 22 cm |
13–23 µm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[20] |
|
Chitosan |
Bromelain | Voltage: 10 kV Flow Rate: 0.5 mL/h Distance: 20 cm. |
140–360 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[21] |
| Polylactide/Poly(ethylene glycol) (Core) (1:1 w/w) Polylactide/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (Shell) (5:5, 7:3, 8:2, 9:1 w/w) |
Peptides HHC36 Curcumin |
Voltage: 20 kV Flow Rate:—mL/h Distance: 15 cm |
3.2–4.6 μm | Core/Shell | Antibacterial | [22] |
| Gelatin | ε-Polylysine | Voltage: 12 kV Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/h Distance: 12 cm |
425 ± 33 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [24] |
| Poly(vinyl alco-hol) | Chitosan | Voltage: 18 kV Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/h Distance: 12 cm |
130–170 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [25] |
| Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) | _ | Voltage: 8 kV Flow Rate: 0.002 mL/min Distance: 12 cm |
510–670 nm | Simple Fibers (Mono-polymer) | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[26] |
| Silk fibroin/Poloxamer 407 (P407) (1:0, 3:1, 1:1 w/w) |
Manuka Honey |
Voltage: 25–23 kV Flow Rate: 3–4 mL/h Distance: 16.5–18 cm |
2.4–5.9 μm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[47] |
| Sodium Alginate-Poly(ethylene glycol)/Pluronic F127 (surfactant) (8:2 w/w—1.5% w/v) |
Lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) | Voltage: 25 kV Flow Rate: 0.5 mL/h Distance: 20 cm |
50–125 nm | Blend-Emulsion Electrospinning | Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[48] |
| Polycaprolactone/Chitosan (10, 15, 20/15% w/w) |
Quercetin/Rutin | Voltage: 24–32 kV Flow Rate: 0.77 mL/h Distance: 15 cm |
90–120 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[55] |
| Chitosan/Poly(ethylene oxide) (2/0.5% w/w) |
Actinidin | Voltage:—kV Flow Rate: 0.5–1.5 mL/h Distance: 7–9 cm |
100–200 nm | Blend-composite + Actinidin enzyme immobilization |
Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[56] |
| Gelatin (layer 1) Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Sodium Alginate (layer 2) (13/2.5% w/v) Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (layer 3) (2/15% w/v) |
Fibrin | Voltage: 25–30 kV Flow Rate: 0.8–1.1 mL/h Distance:—cm |
150–350 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[57] |
| Polycaprolactone | α-Lactalbumin | Voltage: 9–18 kV Flow Rate: 0.3–0.6 mL/min Distance: 15 cm |
183–344 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing | [58] |
| Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/Keratin (3:1, 2:1, 1:1 w/w) |
Cinnamon essential oil | Voltage: 24 kV Flow Rate: 350–850 μL/h Distance: 25 cm |
315–466 nm | Blend-composite | Antibacterial Nanofibers; Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[59] |
| Polycaprolactone/Gelatin (6:4 w/w) |
Plant extracts: I. aspalathoides A. indica M. edule M. andamanica |
Voltage: 15 kV Flow Rate: 1 mL/h Distance: 12 cm |
266–601 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[60] |
| Poly-D,L-lactic acid | Microalga Spirulina (Arthrospira
platensis) |
Voltage: 15 kV Flow Rate: 2 mL/h Distance: 15 cm |
260–270 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[61] |
| Poly(L-lactic acid)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles (24:1 w/w) |
Plasmid DNA Encoding Angiopoietin-1 (pAng) | Voltage: 13 kV Flow Rate: 0.8 mL/h Distance: 15 cm |
580–780 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[62] |
| Polycaprolactone/Collagen (55:25 w/v) |
_ | Voltage: 13 kV Flow Rate: 3 mL/h Distance: 13 cm |
170–275 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[63] |
| Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acids)/Collagen (4:1 w/w) |
_ | Voltage: 28 kV Flow Rate: 1 mL/h Distance: 17 cm |
100–300 nm | Blend-composite | Accelerate the process of wound healing |
[64] |
| Polycaprolactone (12.5% w/v) Poly(vinyl al-co-hol) (8% w/v) |
Curcumin | Voltage: 12, 18, 24 kV Flow Rate: 1, 2, 3 mL/h Distance: 16 cm |
_ | Blend-composite | Antibacterial | [65] |