Table 3.

Duodenal α-diversity metrics in controls and FD-starters before and after PPI therapy.

Group	Controls		FD-Starters		padj Value
Treatment	Off-PPI (n = 30)	On-PPI (n = 30)	Off-PPI (n = 28)	Off-PPI (n = 30)
Brush
Observed	42.03 ± 1.36	37.79 ± 1.9 *	36.81 ± 1.6	34.79 ± 1.67	1
Chao1	48.98 ± 1.91	44.81 ± 2.71	43.24 ± 2.28	44.89 ± 2.75	0.62
Shannon	2.32 ± 0.05	2.05 ± 0.08 **	2.24 ± 0.07	1.92 ± 0.1 **	0.66
Simpson	0.79 ± 0.01	0.72 ± 0.02 **	0.78 ± 0.02	0.68 ± 0.03 **	0.71
Biopsy
Observed	43.07 ± 3.33	41.43 ± 6.12	43.36 ± 7.08	42.37 ± 7.32	0.97
Chao1	45.43 ± 3.82	43.58 ± 6.95	47.74 ± 8.62	45.36 ± 8.53	0.99
Shannon	2.82 ± 0.07	2.8 ± 0.1	2.69 ± 0.12	2.69 ± 0.12	1
Simpson	0.88 ± 0.01	0.89 ± 0.01	0.86 ± 0.02	0.87 ± 0.02	1

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (within group) with decreased mucus-associated diversity after PPI, which was similar between groups (p_adj).