Table 2.
Heavy metal concentrations in raw milk reported from different countries (μg/kg).
| Country | Year | N | Cr | As | Cd | Pb | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argentina | — | 52 | — | — | 1.47 (0–17.0) |
— | [45] |
| Bangladesh | 2014–2015 | 30 | 373 ± 8 (BDL–1233) |
— | 24 ± 9 (BDL–73) |
33 ± 6 (BDL–200) |
[35] |
| Croatia | 2010–2014 | 249 | — | — | — | 11.4 ± 8.08 (5.11–131) | [46] |
| China | 2016 | 997 | — | 0.31 ± 1.02 (0.05–15.77) |
0.05 ± 0.07 (0.001–0.69) | 1.75 ± 3.73 (0.14–38.61) | [17] |
| China | 2017 | 60 | 0.87 ± 1.02 (0.02–5.01) | 0.06 ± 0.20 (0.0002–1.53) |
0.09 ± 0.006 (0.01–0.27) | 1.22 ± 1.62 (0.03–10.46) | [15] |
| Egypt | — | 20 | — | — | 51 ± 5 | 214 ± 21 | [41] |
| Iran | 2014 | 32 | — | 15.2–25.9 | — | — | [47] |
| Iran | — | 118 | — | — | 3.47 (ND–100) | 38.42 (ND–250) |
[4] |
| North-east Iran | — | 720 | — | — | 0.3 ± 0.3 | 12.9 ± 6.1 | [39] |
| Western Iran | 2014 | 36 | — | — | 0.036 ± 0.28 (0.06–0.78) | 32.8 ± 20.80 (15.7–68) |
[40] |
| Korea | 2012 | 33 | — | 1.90 ± 0.068 | 2.38 ± 0.023 | (3.35 ± 0.076) | [28] |
| Mexico | — | 60 | 30 ± 10 | 120 ± 80 | — | 30 ± 10 | [37] |
| Pakistan | 2014 | 480 | — | — | 1 | 14 | [44] |
| Pakistan | 2010–2011 | 30 | 251.7 ± 32 (190–303) | — | 20 ± 4 (14–31) | — | [29] |
| Peru | 2018 | 20 | — | — | 19.7 ± 7.3 (11.0–32.0) | 580 ± 18 (540–600) |
[42] |
| Romania | — | — | 4.56 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 6.57 | [33] |
| Spain | — | 347 | 4.03 ± 3.43 (<LOD–24.35) | — | 0.40 ± 0.28 (<LOD–1.73) | 2.85 ± 1.091 (0.55–18.7) | [34] |
| Turkey | — | 20 | (70–1227) | (103–3326) | (0.1–4) | (25–124) | [36] |
| Turkey | — | 20 | — | — | — | 40.5 (23–58) |
[32] |
| Turkey | 2015–2016 | 112 | — | 17.5 ± 1.7 (ND–42.8) | — | — | [38] |
| China | 2019 | 120 | (0.54–10.61) | (0.10–1.49) | (0.02–0.39) | (ND–15.22) | This study |
Note: — Not mentioned in the reference.