Figure 1.
Bone loss and impaired colonic barrier integrity following ovariectomy. (A–F): Body weight, tibial bone mineral density (B–D), serum bone formation marker (E), and serum bone resorption marker (F) at sacrifice. (G); The relative expression of TNFα mRNA in colon. (H–J): Evaluation of colonic barrier integrity. The relative expression of ZO-1 mRNA (H) and ZO-1 protein (I) in the colon and serum LPS levels (J). The protein expression level of ZO-1 was normalized to that of β-actin. N = 5–10 per group. BMD: bone mineral density, CTX: C-terminal telopeptide of collagen, LPS: lipopolysaccharide, PINP: procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha, ZO-1: zonula occludens-1. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.