Table 1.
Characteristic | Total | Low UIC (<100 µg/L) |
Normal UIC (≥100 µg/L) |
Chi-Square | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | wt’d% | n | wt’d% | n | wt’d% | 2p-Value | |
All | 1286 | 100 | 490 | 37.99 | 796 | 62.01 | |
Sex | |||||||
Male | 666 | 50.62 | 235 | 16.40 | 431 | 34.22 | 0.0015 ** |
Female | 620 | 49.38 | 255 | 21.59 | 365 | 27.79 | |
Age | |||||||
20–39 years | 579 | 44.62 | 235 | 17.48 | 344 | 27.14 | 0.0160 * |
40–59 years | 424 | 38.58 | 175 | 16.38 | 249 | 22.20 | |
≥60 years | 283 | 16.80 | 80 | 4.13 | 203 | 12.67 | |
Race | |||||||
NHW | 429 | 63.21 | 164 | 24.06 | 265 | 39.15 | 0.9865 |
NHB | 338 | 12.15 | 128 | 4.53 | 210 | 7.62 | |
NHA | 221 | 5.80 | 86 | 2.27 | 135 | 3.53 | |
Hispanics | 298 | 18.83 | 112 | 7.13 | 186 | 11.70 | |
Education | |||||||
<High School | 278 | 15.74 | 103 | 5.87 | 175 | 9.87 | 0.1321 |
High School | 248 | 18.91 | 92 | 6.14 | 156 | 12.77 | |
>High School | 760 | 65.35 | 295 | 25.99 | 465 | 39.37 | |
Poverty Income Ratio 3 | |||||||
Low | 670 | 41.08 | 244 | 14.31 | 426 | 26.77 | 0.3670 |
Medium | 250 | 21.84 | 100 | 8.71 | 150 | 13.13 | |
High | 366 | 37.08 | 146 | 14.97 | 220 | 22.11 | |
Smoking 4 | |||||||
Low | 410 | 37.63 | 149 | 13.75 | 261 | 23.88 | 0.3520 |
Medium | 595 | 40.11 | 230 | 14.68 | 365 | 25.43 | |
High | 281 | 22.26 | 111 | 9.56 | 170 | 12.70 | |
BMI 5 | |||||||
Underweight | 46 | 3.08 | 22 | 1.32 | 24 | 1.76 | 0.3296 |
Normal | 418 | 32.32 | 173 | 13.61 | 245 | 18.70 | |
Overweight | 412 | 33.10 | 151 | 11.52 | 261 | 21.58 | |
Obese | 410 | 31.50 | 144 | 11.54 | 266 | 19.96 | |
Supplement 6 | |||||||
Yes | 217 | 18.03 | 68 | 5.68 | 149 | 12.36 | 0.1056 |
No | 1069 | 81.97 | 422 | 32.31 | 647 | 49.65 | |
Alcohol | |||||||
None | 486 | 31.27 | 176 | 10.94 | 310 | 20.32 | 0.1274 |
>0 to 1 drinks/day | 263 | 21.34 | 102 | 8.34 | 161 | 13.01 | |
>1 to 2 drinks/day | 211 | 19.31 | 90 | 9.27 | 121 | 10.05 | |
>2 drinks/day | 326 | 28.08 | 122 | 9.44 | 204 | 18.63 | |
Physical Activity 7 | |||||||
None | 745 | 51.64 | 276 | 19.93 | 469 | 31.71 | 0.8763 |
0 to <500 | 249 | 22.15 | 97 | 8.09 | 152 | 14.06 | |
500 to <1000 | 161 | 14.09 | 65 | 5.61 | 96 | 8.48 | |
≥1000 | 131 | 12.12 | 52 | 4.35 | 79 | 7.77 | |
Waist Circumference | |||||||
Male | |||||||
≤102 cm | 426 | 60.85 | 157 | 19.75 | 269 | 41.10 | 0.9767 |
>102 cm | 240 | 39.15 | 78 | 12.64 | 162 | 26.50 | |
Female | |||||||
≤88 cm | 260 | 43.70 | 119 | 20.62 | 141 | 23.08 | 0.1804 |
>88 cm | 360 | 56.30 | 136 | 23.11 | 224 | 33.20 |
1 Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All data except for sample size are weighted to account for the complex study design according to the guidelines of the National Center for Health Statistics. Values are reported as n (weighted percentage). Total of percentages may exceed 100 due to rounding. 2 p value obtained from the Wald chi-square test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01). 3 PIR, family poverty-income ratio (low: 0–1.85; medium: 1.85< to 3.5; high: >3.5). 4 Smoking status defined by a serum cotinine concentration (low: <0.015 mg/L; medium: 0.015 to <10 mg/L; high: ≥10 mg/L). 5 BMI: Underweight: <18.5 kg/m2; normal weight: 18.5 to >25 kg/m2; overweight: 25 to <30 kg/m2; and obese: ≥30 kg/m2. 6 Reported taking supplement containing iodine within the past 30 days. 7 Calculated as total MET (metabolic equivalent task minutes)-min/week from self-reported leisure-time physical activities. UIC, urinary iodine concentration; NHW, non-Hispanic white; NHB, non-Hispanic black.