Table 2.

Summary of beneficial effect of MIFs enriched with Probiotics.

MIFs Enriched with Probiotics—Key Points
• The intestinal microbiota (IM) contributes to the early and healthy development of gut functions
• Commensal microbes are essential for maturation of the immune system
• IFs supplementation with probiotics has the purpose to modulate the activity of the intestinal microbiota of infants by modifying its balance
• Probiotics enriched IFs have modest benefit in preventing acute gastrointestinal tract infections in healthy infants
• Probiotics reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea
• The effectiveness of probiotic supplemented IFs to reduce colic frequency, crying and irritability is debated
• Major issues related to the use of probiotics: timing, duration of treatment