Table 4.

Summary of beneficial effect of MIFs enriched with HMOs.

MIFs Enriched with HMOs—Key Points
• HMOs are non-digestible carbohydrates present in high concentrations in human milk
• HMOs play a key role in promoting intestinal microbiome composition and diversity
• HMOs prevent pathogen adhesion and could act as antiviral components
• HMOs-enriched IFs result from the addition of industrially produced HMOs of two types 2o FL and LNnT
• HMOs-enriched IFs are associated with normal infants’ growth
• Incidence of GI symptoms, including flatulence, spitting up, and vomiting did not differ between HMOs-supplemented and unsupplemented IFs
• IF enriched with 2 HMOs, 2o FL and LNnT, are considered as safe and approved for use as food
• There is limited evidence regarding the potential preventive effects of supplemented IFs with one or both the above-mentioned HMOs