Table 6.
Recent advances in the biomedical applications of porous protein microspheres.
| Protein | Composition | Biomedical Cargo | Biomedical Function | Type of Therapy | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Collagen | Collagen microspheres | Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) | Sustained-release of signal protein rhVEGF | Cardiac muscle repair | [28] |
| Steroidal saponins | Sustained-release of Steroidal saponins | Osteogenesis and bone regeneration | [133] | ||
| Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) | Culturing OPC and their delivery to lesion-affected tissue for the repair of the neurite myelin sheath | Tissue regeneration | [13] | ||
| Mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoarthritis chondrocytes, and neuroblastoma cells | 3D cell culture platform for stem cell culture, differentiation, and delivery | Stem cell therapy | [134,135] | ||
| Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells | Integration into platelet-rich blood clots and implantation at the nonunion lesion site | Bone regeneration for nonunion fractures | [136,137] | ||
| Silk Fibroin | Porous silk fibroin (SF) microspheres | Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) | Sustained-release of bFGF and lowering of biodegradability | Tissue repair | [39] |
| Strontium loaded porous SF microspheres | Strontium and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) | Sustained-release of osteogenic strontium and the culture of MSC | Bone regeneration | [26] |