Table 2.
Means ± standard deviations, pre- and post-intervention changes (diff), and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) of trunk ranges of motions before and after implementation of foam roller self-massaging (FRSM) and static self-stretching exercises (SSSEs).
| Foam Roller Self-Massaging | Static Self-Stretching Exercises | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-FRSM | Post-FRSM | Diff | Cohen’s d | Pre-SSSEs | Post-SSSEs | Diff | Cohen’s d | |
| T-HF (cm) | 36.9 ± 8.2 | 40.6 ± 8.3 b | 3.7 ± 3.3 | 0.45 | 35.8 ± 9.0 | 39.6 ± 8.1 b | 3.8 ± 3.6 | 0.44 |
| TSFR (°) | 50.2 ± 9.9 | 54.1 ± 10.4 b | 3.9 ± 4.4 | 0.39 | 50.9 ± 9.8 | 53.0 ± 8.8 a | 2.1 ± 4.3 c | 0.22 |
| TSFL (°) | 51.6 ± 9.7 | 55.5 ± 10.7 b | 3.9 ± 4.5 | 0.38 | 51.5 ± 8.4 | 55.6 ± 10.7 b | 4.0 ± 4.1 | 0.42 |
| TRR (°) | 55.9 ± 8.6 | 60.6 ± 9.3 b | 4.8 ± 5.0 | 0.53 | 57.2 ± 7.5 | 60.8 ± 8.3 b | 3.6 ± 4.5 | 0.46 |
| TRL (°) | 56.3 ± 9.1 | 63.0 ± 8.2 b | 6.4 ± 4.1 | 0.74 | 58.5 ± 8.1 | 61.3 ± 8.4 a | 2.8 ± 5.1 d | 0.34 |
T-HF: trunk-hip flexion; TSFR: trunk side flexion right; TSFL trunk side flexion left; TRR: trunk rotation right; TRL: trunk rotation left; a p < 0.05; b p < 0.001 significantly greater compared to pre-FRSM and pre-SSSEs ROM measurements; c p < 0.05; d p < 0.01 significantly different compared to the changes obtained after FRSM.