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. 2021 Nov 23;13(12):4189. doi: 10.3390/nu13124189

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Lumbar spine bone mass in the neonatal period according to gestational weight gain categories and maternal 25(OH)D status. Data are reported as mean ± SD and were analyzed using mixed linear model accounting for the fixed effects of the infant’s sex, age, and LAZ score and the mother’s 25(OH)D categories, pre-pregnancy BMI categories, gestational weight gain categories, education, self-reported population group, as well as family income (p < 0.05, post hoc adjustment). Abbreviations: 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, LS BMC: lumbar spine bone mineral content, and LS BMD: lumbar spine bone mineral density.