. 2021 Nov 25;7(12):1006. doi: 10.3390/jof7121006

Table 2.

Compilation of the best antifungal activities of macroalgae extracts against phytopathogenic fungi obtained using in vitro methodologies (summary of the information available in Scopus up until 25 February 2021). Detailed information regarding the results obtained for each study can be consulted in Supplementary Tables S1–S10. * Algae species not found in the Algaebase database.

Phytopathogenic Fungi	Host Species	Methodology	Reference
Alternaria alternata	Hormophysa cuneiformis	Agar diffusion assay/Broth microdilution assay	[56]
Alternaria alternata	Ulva lactuca	Disc diffusion technique	[58]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Anthophycus longifolius	Well diffusion technique	[51]
Aspergillus fumigatus	Osmundea pinnatifida	Radial growth inhibition	[117]
Aspergillus niger	Anthophycus longifolius	Well diffusion technique	[51]
Aspergillus niger	Ulva lactuca	Disc diffusion technique	[58]
Aspergillus terreus	Anthophycus longifolius	Well diffusion technique	[51]
Botrytis cinerea	Dictyopteris polypodioides	Agar diffusion technique	[63]
Cladosporium herbarum	Hormophysa cuneiformis	Agar diffusion assay/Broth microdilution assay	[56]
Colletotrichum acutatum	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Colletotrichum falcatum	Caulerpa racemosa	Poisoned food technique	[66]
	Hydropuntia edulis	Poisoned food technique	[66]
	Sargassum myricocystum *	Poisoned food technique	[66]
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides	Hypnea musciformis	Disc diffusion technique	[67,68]
	Kappaphycus alvarezii	Poisoned food technique	[69]
	Laurencia dendroidea	Disc diffusion technique	[67]
	Ochtodes secundiramea	Disc diffusion technique	[67,68]
	Palisada flagellifera	Disc diffusion technique	[68]
	Pterocladiella capillacea	Disc diffusion technique	[67]
Colletotrichum musae	Hypnea musciformis	Poisoned food technique	[67]
	Laurencia dendroidea	Poisoned food technique	[67]
	Ochtodes secundiramea	Poisoned food technique	[67]
	Padina gymnospora	Poisoned food technique	[67]
	Pterocladiella capillacea	Poisoned food technique	[67]
Fusarium culmorum	Fucus vesiculosus	Inhibition of mycelial growth/Macroconidia germination inhibition	[57]
Fusarium graminearum	Dictyopteris polypodioides	Agar diffusion technique	[63]
Fusarium moniliforme	Botryocladia leptopoda	Test tube in agar	[96]
Fusarium moniliforme	Dictyota hauckiana	Test tube in agar	[96]
Fusarium oxysporum	Asparagopsis taxiformis	Well diffusion technique	[118]
	Calliblepharis floresii *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa chemnitzia	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa racemosa	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa scalpelliformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa taxifolia	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Centroceras sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ceramium sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Chaetomorpha antennina	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Codium indicum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Dictyopteris polypodioides	Agar diffusion technique	[63]
	Dictyota dicotoma	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Gelidium pulchrum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Gracilaria corticata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Halimeda tuna	Poisoned food technique/Field studies	[52,71]
	Halymenia porphyriformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Hormophysa cuneiformis	Agar diffusion assay/Broth microdilution assay	[56]
	Hypnea musciformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Jolyna laminariodes	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Melanothamnus afaqhusainii	Poisoned food technique/Field studies	[52,72]
	Neoporphyra perforata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Osmundea pinnatifida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Padina boergesenii	Disc diffusion technique	[119]
	Padina tetrastromatica	Poisoned food technique	[52,71]
	Polycladia indica	Poisoned food technique/Disc diffusion technique	[52,71,72,109]
	Polycladia myrica	Disc diffusion technique	[119]
	Sargassum aquifolium	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Sargassum cinereum	Disc diffusion technique	[119]
	Sargassum ilicifolium	Disc diffusion technique	[109]
	Sargassum tenerrimum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Sargassum wightii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Scinaia huismanii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Spatoglossum asperum	Disc diffusion assay	[120]
	Steochospermum polypolides *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Udotea sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ulva rigida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Valaniopsis sp. *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
Fusarium oxysporum albedinis	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Fusarium oxysporum dianthi	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. udum	Caulerpa racemosa	Poisoned food technique	[105]
	Hydropuntia edulis	Poisoned food technique	[105]
	Sargassum myricocystum *	Poisoned food technique	[105]
Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Fusarium solani	Botryocladia leptopoda	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Caulerpa racemosa	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Caulerpa taxifolia	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Champia compressa	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Codium indicum	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Gracilaria corticata	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Hypnea musciformis	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Hypnea valentiae	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Osmundea pinnatifida	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Padina antillarum	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Sarconema filiforme	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Sargassum ilicifolium	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Sargassum vulgare	Test tube in agar	[96,121]
	Solieria robusta	Test tube in agar/Field studies	[71,74,96,121]
	Spatoglossum asperum	Disc diffusion assay	[120]
	Stoechospermum polypodioides	Test tube in agar/Field studies	[71,74,96]
	Ulva lactuca	Test tube in agar	[96]
Fusarium sp.	Anthophycus longifolius	Well diffusion technique	[51]
Ganoderma boninense	Caulerpa lamourouxii	Poisoned food technique	[122]
	Caulerpa racemosa	Poisoned food technique	[122]
	Halimeda macrophysa	Poisoned food technique	[122]
	Sargassum oligocystum	Poisoned food technique	[122]
Geotrichum sp.	Dictyopteris polypodioides	Agar diffusion technique	[63]
Macrophomina phaseolina	Calliblepharis floresii *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa racemosa	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Caulerpa taxifolia	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Centroceras sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ceramium sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Chaetomorpha antennina	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Codium indicum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Dictyota dicotoma	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Gelidium pulchrum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Gracilaria corticata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Halymenia porphyriformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Hypnea musciformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Jolyna laminariodes	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Melanothamnus afaqhusainii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Neoporphyra perforata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Osmundea pinnatifida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Padina tetrastromatica	Poisoned food technique	[52]
Macrophomina phaseolina	Polycladia indica	Poisoned food technique/Disc diffusion technique	[52,109]
	Sargassum aquifolium	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Sargassum ilicifolium	Disc diffusion technique	[109]
	Sargassum tenerrimum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Sargassum wightii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Scinaia huismanii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Spatoglossum asperum	Disc diffusion assay	[120]
	Stoechospermum polypodioides	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Udotea sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ulva rigida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Valaniopsis sp. *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
Mucor sp.	Champia compressa	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Hypnea musciformis	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Sargassum boveanum	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Sargassum ilicifolium	Test tube in agar	[96]
	Ulva lactuca	Test tube in agar	[96]
Penicillium expansum	Ulva lactuca	Disc diffusion technique	[58]
Penicillium sp.	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[123]
Penicillium sp.	Ulva lactuca	Disc diffusion technique	[123]
Penicillum digitatum	Hormophysa cuneiformis	Agar diffusion assay/Broth microdilution assay	[56]
Phialophora cinerescens	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Phoma tracheiphila	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota implexa	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
	Dictyota spiralis	Disc diffusion technique	[65]
Pseudocercospora fijiensis	Halymenia floresii	Minimum inhibitory concentration	[94]
Pyricularia oryzae	Rhodomela confervoides	Spore spreading method	[95]
Pyricularia oryzae	Symphyocladia latiuscula	Spore spreading method	[95]
Rhizoctonia solani	Calliblepharis floresii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Centroceras sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ceramium sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Chaetomorpha antennina	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Codium indicum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Dictyopteris undulata	Fungitoxic activity	[92]
	Gelidium pulchrum	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Gracilaria corticata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Halymenia porphyriformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Hypnea musciformis	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Jania pedunculata var. adhaerens	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Melanothamnus afaqhusainii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Neoporphyra perforata	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Osmundea pinnatifida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Padina tetrastromatica	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Polycladia indica	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Sargassum aquifolium	Poisoned food technique	[52,71,74]
	Sargassum tenerrimum	Poisoned food technique	[52,71]
Rhizoctonia solani	Sargassum wightii	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Spatoglossum asperum	Disc diffusion assay/Field studies	[73,120]
	Stoechospermum polypodioides	Poisoned food technique/Field studies	[52,71,74]
	Udotea sp.	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Ulva rigida	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Valaniopsis sp. *	Poisoned food technique	[52]
	Dictyota dichotoma	Disc diffusion technique/Spore germination	[79]
	Padina gymnospora	Disc diffusion technique/Spore germination	[79]
	Sargassum muticum	Disc diffusion technique/Spore germination	[79]
	Sargassum tenerrimum	Disc diffusion technique/Spore germination	[79]
	Sargassum wightii	Disc diffusion technique/Spore germination	[79]
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum	Dictyopteris undulata	Fungitoxic activity	[92]
Sclerotium rolfsii	Dictyopteris undulata	Fungitoxic activity	[92]
Verticillium dahliae	Cystoseira humilis var. myriophylloides	Poisoned food technique	[93]
	Dictyopteris polypodioides	Agar diffusion technique	[63]
	Fucus spiralis	Poisoned food technique	[93]