Table 7.
Demographic, anamnestic and psychosocial risk factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and lactating women (PLW), University Hospital Brno, August–October 2021 (n = 362).
| Variable | Outcome | Lactating Women (n = 84) | Pregnant Women (n = 278) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acceptance (n = 41) |
Rejection (n = 43) |
Sig. | Acceptance (n = 213) |
Rejection (n = 65) |
Sig. | ||
| Trimester | 0–13 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.008 |
| 14–28 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | 16 (57.1%) | 12 (42.9%) | 0.010 | |
| >28 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | 192 (80.7%) | 46 (19.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Age | µ ± σ | 31.0 ± 4.7 | 32.8 ± 4.8 | 0.095 | 31.6 ± 4.3 | 30.4 ± 5.0 | 0.046 |
|
Education
Level |
Basic | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0.611 | 6 (42.9%) | 8 (57.1%) | 0.005 |
| Secondary | 14 (45.2%) | 17 (54.8%) | 0.609 | 81 (75%) | 27 (25%) | 0.611 | |
| Bachelor’s | 8 (61.5%) | 5 (38.5%) | 0.318 | 27 (69.2%) | 12 (30.8%) | 0.240 | |
| Masters’/Higher | 17 (45.9%) | 20 (54.1%) | 0.641 | 99 (85.3%) | 17 (14.7%) | 0.004 | |
|
Employment
Status |
Yes | 36 (46.8%) | 41 (53.2%) | 0.259 | 200 (79.4%) | 52 (20.6%) | 0.002 |
| No | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 13 (52%) | 12 (48%) | |||
| Healthcare Professional | Yes | 13 (72.2%) | 5 (27.8%) | 0.016 | 37 (74%) | 13 (26%) | 0.295 |
| No | 23 (39.7%) | 35 (60.3%) | 163 (80.7%) | 39 (19.3%) | |||
| Household | <4 years-old | 39 (50.6%) | 38 (49.4%) | 1.000 | 74 (73.3%) | 27 (26.7%) | 0.250 |
| 4–17 years-old | 11 (39.3%) | 17 (60.7%) | 0.186 | 33 (61.1%) | 21 (38.9%) | 0.003 | |
| 18–65 years-old | 39 (48.8%) | 41 (51.2%) | 0.494 | 206 (76.6%) | 63 (23.4%) | 1.000 | |
| >65 years-old | 5 (71.4%) | 2 (28.6%) | 0.432 | 14 (66.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.282 | |
| Previous Pregnancies | Yes | 25 (44.6%) | 31 (55.4%) | 0.212 | 122 (76.7%) | 37 (23.3%) | 0.970 |
| No | 16 (59.3%) | 11 (40.7%) | 90 (76.9%) | 27 (23.1%) | |||
|
Previous
Live Births |
Yes | 19 (41.3%) | 27 (58.7%) | 0.162 | 97 (74%) | 34 (26%) | 0.043 |
| No | 4 (80%) | 2 (20%) | 24 (92.3%) | 2 (7.7%) | |||
| Pregnancies Complications | Yes | 9 (50%) | 9 (50%) | 0.621 | 46 (85.2%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.080 |
| No | 15 (42.9%) | 20 (57.1%) | 75 (72.8%) | 28 (27.2%) | |||
| High-Risk Pregnancies | Yes | 10 (55.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | 0.518 | 40 (78.4%) | 11 (21.6%) | 0.735 |
| No | 31 (47%) | 35 (53%) | 173 (76.2%) | 54 (23.8%) | |||
| Chronic Illness | Yes | 17 (44.7%) | 21 (55.3%) | 0.497 | 97 (77%) | 29 (23%) | 0.896 |
| No | 24 (52.2%) | 22 (47.8%) | 116 (76.3%) | 36 (23.7%) | |||
| COVID-19 | Yes | 7 (50%) | 7 (50%) | 0.922 | 50 (78.1%) | 14 (21.9%) | 0.746 |
| Infection | No | 34 (48.6%) | 36 (51.4%) | 163 (76.2%) | 51 (23.8%) | ||
| During | Yes | 3 (75%) | 1 (25%) | 0.559 | 22 (88%) | 3 (12%) | 0.126 |
| Pregnancy | No | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) | 28 (71.8%) | 11 (28.2%) | ||
| Clinical | Mild | 3 (60%) | 2 (40%) | 1.000 | 16 (66.7%) | 8 (33.3%) | 0.086 |
| Course | Moderate | 4 (44.4%) | 5 (55.6%) | 34 (85%) | 6 (15%) | ||
|
Psychosocial
Predictors |
Media | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Government | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.002 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | |
| Industry | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 | |
| Health Professional | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | <0.001 | |
| Partner | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.040 | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0028 | |
| Risk/Benefit Ratio | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | |
| Knowledge | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.562 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.153 | |
| Safety | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.608 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | |
Chi-squared test (χ2), Fisher’s exact test, analysis of variance test (ANOVA), and Mann–Whitney test (U) were used with a significance level (Sig.) ≤ 0.05.