Table 8.
Demographic, anamnestic and psychosocial determinants of pregnant and lactating women (PLW)’s responses to physicians’ recommendations, University Hospital Brno, August–October 2021 (n = 362).
| Variable | Outcome | Lactating Women (n = 84) | Pregnant Women (n = 278) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rejection (n = 67) |
Hesitancy (n = 10) |
Acceptance (n = 7) |
Sig. | Rejection (n = 158) |
Hesitancy (n = 79) |
Acceptance (n = 41) |
Sig. | ||
| Trimester | 0–13 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10 (83.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.219 |
| 14–28 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 22 (78.6%) | 4 (14.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | 0.060 | |
| >28 weeks | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 126 (52.9%) | 74 (31.1%) | 38 (16%) | 0.006 | |
| Age | µ ± σ | 32.2 ± 4.9 | 30.3 ± 5.1 | 31.3 ± 2.9 | 0.490 | 30.9 ± 4.6 | 32.0 ± 4.4 | 32.1 ± 4.0 | 0.100 |
|
Education
Level |
Basic | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.054 | 10 (71.4%) | 1 (7.1%) | 3 (21.4%) | 0.126 |
| Secondary | 26 (83.9%) | 4 (12.9%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.506 | 70 (64.8%) | 28 (25.9%) | 10 (9.3%) | 0.052 | |
| Bachelor’s | 9 (69.2%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (23.1%) | 0.113 | 26 (66.7%) | 6 (15.4%) | 7 (17.9%) | 0.150 | |
| Masters’/Higher | 31 (83.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 3 (8.1%) | 0.615 | 51 (44%) | 44 (37.9%) | 21 (18.1%) | 0.001 | |
|
Employment
Status |
Yes | 63 (81.8%) | 7 (9.1%) | 7 (9.1%) | 0.055 | 141 (56%) | 74 (29.4%) | 37 (14.7%) | 0.616 |
| No | 4 (57.1%) | 3 (42.9%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (64%) | 5 (20%) | 4 (16%) | |||
| Healthcare Professional | Yes | 13 (72.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.459 | 33 (66%) | 12 (24%) | 5 (10%) | 0.263 |
| No | 49 (84.5%) | 5 (8.6%) | 4 (6.9%) | 108 (53.5%) | 62 (30.7%) | 32 (15.8%) | |||
| Household | <4 years-old | 61 (79.2%) | 9 (11.7%) | 7 (9.1%) | 0.697 | 62 (61.4%) | 26 (25.7%) | 13 (12.9%) | 0.437 |
| 4–17 years-old | 25 (89.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.107 | 36 (66.7%) | 10 (18.5%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.164 | |
| 18–65 years-old | 63 (78.8%) | 10 (12.5%) | 7 (8.8%) | 1.000 | 154 (57.2%) | 75 (27.9%) | 40 (14.9%) | 0.579 | |
| >65 years-old | 4 (57.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | 1 (14.3%) | 0.198 | 13 (61.9%) | 5 (23.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.949 | |
| Previous Pregnancies | Yes | 47 (83.9%) | 6 (10.7%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.242 | 91 (57.2%) | 46 (28.9%) | 22 (13.8%) | 0.848 |
| No | 19 (70.4%) | 4 (14.8%) | 4 (14.8%) | 66 (56.4%) | 32 (27.4%) | 19 (16.2%) | |||
|
Previous
Live Births |
Yes | 40 (87%) | 5 (10.9%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.009 | 78 (59.5%) | 36 (27.5%) | 17 (13%) | 0.398 |
| No | 2 (40%) | 1 (20%) | 2 (40%) | 12 (46.2%) | 10 (38.5%) | 4 (15.4%) | |||
| Pregnancy Complications | Yes | 13 (72.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.048 | 28 (51.9%) | 18 (33.3%) | 8 (14.8%) | 0.602 |
| No | 31 (88.6%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0 (0%) | 62 (60.2%) | 28 (27.2%) | 13 (12.6%) | |||
| High-Risk Pregnancies | Yes | 13 (72.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.379 | 28 (54.9%) | 11 (21.6%) | 12 (23.5%) | 0.114 |
| No | 54 (81.8%) | 8 (12.1%) | 4 (6.1%) | 130 (57.3%) | 68 (30%) | 29 (12.8%) | |||
| Chronic Illness | Yes | 31 (81.6%) | 1 (2.6%) | 6 (15.8%) | 0.007 | 70 (55.6%) | 36 (28.6%) | 20 (15.9%) | 0.875 |
| No | 36 (78.3%) | 9 (19.6%) | 1 (2.2%) | 88 (57.9%) | 43 (28.3%) | 21 (13.8%) | |||
| COVID-19 | Yes | 12 (85.7%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1.000 | 33 (51.6%) | 20 (31.3%) | 11 (17.2%) | 0.597 |
| Infection | No | 55 (78.6%) | 9 (12.9%) | 6 (8.6%) | 125 (58.4%) | 59 (27.6%) | 30 (14%) | ||
| During | Yes | 3 (75%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (25%) | 0.505 | 12 (48%) | 6 (24%) | 7 (28%) | 0.166 |
| Pregnancy | No | 9 (90%) | 1 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (53.8%) | 14 (35.9%) | 4 (10.3%) | ||
| Clinical | Mild | 5 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.000 | 17 (70.8%) | 4 (16.7%) | 3 (12.5%) | 0.057 |
| Course | Moderate | 7 (77.8%) | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (11.1%) | 16 (40%) | 16 (40%) | 8 (20%) | ||
|
Psychosocial
Predictors |
Media | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.9 | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.454 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.002 |
| Government | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 0.003 | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | |
| Industry | 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | |
| H. Professional | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | <0.001 | 0.9 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | |
| Partner | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.3 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.2 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.020 | |
| Risk/Benefit Ratio | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 0.001 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.003 | |
| Knowledge | 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.218 | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 08 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 0.085 | |
| Safety | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.4 | 0.068 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.5 | 0.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | |
Chi-squared test (χ2), Fisher’s exact test, analysis of variance test (ANOVA), and Mann–Whitney test (U) were used with a significance level (Sig.) ≤ 0.05.