Table 3.

Solid dosage forms of biopharmaceuticals in drug delivery systems produced by SAA/SASD methods.

Year	Active Compound	Nanocarrier	Co-Solvent	Solid Dosage Form	Observations	Ref.
2009	Lysozyme	N/A	Ethanol	N/A	Spherical microparticles 1.0 µm < PSD < 4.0 µm Lysozyme remained stable with biological activity from 95% to 100%.	[80]
2009	Lysozyme Trypsin	N/A	N/A	N/A	80% of trypsin and 65% of lysozyme particles have a diameter smaller than 5 µm	[95]
2010	Gentamicin sulfate *	N/A	N/A	BSA	Mean diameter of 2 µm 1.70 µm < D50 > 2.24 µm EE > 95.6%	[96]
2011	BSA	N/A	N/A	N/A	Well-defined, hollow, and spherical BSA microparticles 0.3 µm < PSD < 5.0 µm	[97]
2011	BSA	N/A	N/A	N/A	The solubility of BSA is dependent on processing temperature	[98]
2011	Lysozyme	N/A	Ethanol	N/A	SAA-HCM 1 0.2 µm < PS < 5.0 µm Lysozyme kept 85% of its activity	[99]
2013	Insulin	N/A	N/A	N/A	SAA-HCM 0.5 µm < PS < 5.0 µm	[100]
2015	Trypsin	N/A	N/A	Chitosan	SAA-HCM 0.2 µm < PS < 4.0 µm LE 2 up to 91.8% Trypsin retained > 70% of its enzymatic activity	[101]
2017	BSA	N/A	Acetonitrile	PLGA	1.7 µm < MMAD 3 < 3.5 µm FPF 4 of 43% BSA showed both chemical and structural stability	[30]
2018	Parathyroid hormone	N/A	N/A	Chitosan oligosaccharide	SAA-HCM 1.0 µm < MMAD < 5.0 µm FPF of 63.51% LE up to 92.8%	[102]
2020	SiRNA 5	Mesoporous silica nanoparticles Poly-L-arginine Hyaluronic acid	Ethanol	Chitosan (CHT)	3.0 µm < Dv,50 < 4.0 µm FPF of 44.4% EEsiRNA of 11.4% onto LBL nanosystems Entrapment efficiency of the LbL nanoparticles of 28.7% in CHT powder 90% of gene silencing from CHT-LbL siRNA	[93]

¹ Supercritical fluid assisted atomization introduced by a hydrodynamic cavitation mixer; ² Loading efficiency; ³ Fine particle fraction; ⁴ Mass median aerodynamic diameter; ⁵ Small interfering RNA. * This work was selected since BSA was used as a microcarrier.