Table 1.
Subject characteristics according to metabolic syndrome status.
| Metabolic Syndrome | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||
| N | 402 | 116 | ||
| Age | 60.4 ± 14.0 | 57.6 ± 14.2 | 0.06 | |
| BMI | 26.4 ± 5.4 | 32.5 ± 6.6 | <0.001 | |
| Sex | Female | 258 (64.1) | 75 (64.6) | 0.9 |
| Male | 144 (35.8) | 41 (35.3) | ||
| Race | White | 242 (60.2) | 73 (62.9) | 0.5 |
| Non-White | 160 (39.8) | 43 (37.0) | ||
| Education | High school & lower | 89 (22.3) | 37 (31.9) | 0.08 |
| Some college | 139 (34.8) | 32 (27.5) | ||
| Bsc & higher | 171 (42.8) | 47 (40.5) | ||
| Physical activity (hrs/d) | 36.5 ± 10.2 | 34.9 ± 10.0 | 0.1 | |
| Animal protein (g) | 25.1 ± 19.4 | 28.9 ± 20.7 | 0.06 | |
| Plant protein (g) | 34.6 ± 11.1 | 32.9 ± 11.0 | 0.1 | |
| AP 1 protein ratio | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.06 | |
| Total protein * (g) | 59.7 ± 14.5 | 61.9 ± 5.1 | 0.1 | |
| GL 2 | 123.4 ± 42.7 | 115.1 ± 39.7 | 0.06 | |
| Unsaturated fatty acids * (g) | 51.3 ± 1.8 | 52.1 ± 2.0 | 0.5 | |
| PS ratio 3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.1 | |
| Trans fatty acids (g) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 0.01 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 990.0 ± 471.7 | 931.6 ± 479.6 | 0.2 | |
| Sodium (mg) | 2472.2 ± 849.2 | 2455.0 ± 836.5 | 0.8 | |
| Potassium (mg) | 2533.5 ± 829.8 | 2310.7 ± 29.4 | 0.01 | |
| Magnesium (mg) | 368.6 ± 156.6 | 351.5 ± 179.1 | 0.3 | |
Continuous variables are presented as Mean ± SD and categorical variables are shown as Count (%); 1 AP protein ratio; Animal to plant protein ratio; 2 GL; Glycemic load; 3 PS ratio; Polyunsaturated fatty acids to Saturated fatty acids ratio. * Dietary protein and fatty acids are energy adjusted.