Table 3.
Association between dietary protein intake and components of metabolic syndrome in AHS-2 calibration study. (n = 518).
| Dietary Protein Intake | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Protein | Animal Protein | Plant Protein | AP Protein Ratio | |||||
| Components of Metabolic Syndrome | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | β Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value |
| Waist circumference (crude) * | 0.005 (0.002, 0.007) | <0.001 | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) | 0.001 | 0.003 (−0.0008, 0.008) | 0.1 | 0.035 (0.021, 0.049) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference 1,** | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) | <0.001 | 0.004 (0.001, 0.007) | 0.006 | 0.002 (−0.002, 0.007) | 0.3 | 0.034 (0.021, 0.047) | <0.001 |
| High density lipoprotein (crude) * | −0.001 (−0.005, 0.002) | 0.3 | −0.001 (−0.006, 0.003) | 0.4 | −0.002 (-.010, 0.006) | 0.6 | −0.004 (−0.031, 0.023) | 0.7 |
| High density lipoprotein 2,** | 0.001 (−0.002, 0.006) | 0.4 | 0.002 (−0.002, 0.008) | 0.3 | 0.006 (−0.005, 0.0.018) | 0.2 | 0.012 (−0.037, 0.062) | 0.6 |
| Triglycerides (crude) * | 0.001 (−0.005, 0.007) | 0.7 | −0.001 (−0.009, 0.006) | 0.6 | −0.009 (−0.022, 0.004) | 0.1 | 0.038 (−0.005, 0.082) | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides 3,** | −0.001 (−0.007, 0.004) | 0.6 | −0.002 (−0.010, 0.004) | 0.4 | −0.007 (−0.020, 0.004) | 0.2 | 0.009 (−0.033, 0.052) | 0.6 |
| Fasting blood glucose (crude) * | 0.004 (0.002, 0.007) | <0.001 | 0.004 (0.001, 0.007) | 0.006 | 0.003 (−0.001, 0.009) | 0.1 | 0.038 (0.022, 0.055) | <0.001 |
| Fasting blood glucose 4,** | 0.001 (−0.0009, 0.004) | 0.1 | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.004) | 0.3 | 0.0006 (−0.004, 0.005) | 0.8 | 0.023 (0.005, 0.041) | 0.009 |
| Systolic blood pressure (crude) * | −0.06 (−0.295, 0.194) | 0.6 | −0.025(−0.329, 0.279) | 0.8 | 0.036 (−0.486, 0.559) | 0.8 | −0.878 (−2.54, 0.783) | 0.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure 5 | −0.570 (−1.445, 303) | 0.2 | −0.752 (−2.850, 1.344) | 0.4 | −0.984 (−4.655, 2.685) | 0.5 | −2.85 (−6.325, 0.615) | 0.1 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (crude) * | 0.185 (0.044, 0.327) | 0.01 | 0.137 (−0.028, 0.302) | 0.1 | 0.018 (−0.262, 0.299) | 0.8 | 1.72(0.857, 2.58) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure 5 | 0.106 (−0.299, 0.512) | 0.6 | −0.083 (−0.980, 0.812) | 0.8 | −0.325 (−1.913, 1.262) | 0.6 | 1.47 (−0.540, 3.49) | 0.1 |
1 Adjusted forage, ethnicity, sex, physical activity, PS ratio, glycemic load, energy, total protein and animal to plant (AP) protein ratio, and in addition, animal and plant protein intake was adjusted for intake of the other protein source.; 2 Adjusted for; age, ethnicity, sex, physical activity, waist circumference, PS ratio, trans fatty acids, energy and type of dietary protein from other sources than the one under study, if applicable, total protein and AP protein ratio.; 3 Adjusted for; age, ethnicity, sex, physical activity, waist circumference, glycemic load, unsaturated fatty acids and type of dietary protein from other sources than the one under study, if applicable, total protein and AP protein ratio.; 4 Adjusted for; age, ethnicity, sex, physical activity, glycemic load, waist circumference, energy and type of dietary protein from other sources than the one under study, if applicable, total protein and AP protein ratio.; 5 Adjusted for; age, ethnicity, sex, physical activity, glycemic load, waist circumference, PS ratio, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, energy and type of dietary protein from other sources than the one under study, if applicable, total protein and AP protein ratio. * Adjusted for type of protein and energy. ** Variables are log transformed.