T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
apoB-100	Apolipoprotein B-100
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
MM-LDL	Minimally oxidized LDL
Ox-LDL	Oxidized LDL
VLDL	Very-low-density lipoprotein
LPL	Lipoprotein lipase
CETP	Cholesteryl ester transfer protein
TG	Triglycerides
CE	Cholesteryl esters
FC	Free cholesterol
sdLDL	Small and dense LDL
LDLR	LDL receptors
IDL	Intermediate-density lipoprotein
apoA-I	Apolipoprotein A-I
HDL-C	HDL-cholesterol
DM	Diabetes mellitus
IMT	Intima-media thickness layer
LDL-C	LDL-cholesterol
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acids
PI-3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MTP	Microsomal TG-transfer protein
SRs	Scavenger receptors
SR-A1	Class A1 scavenger receptor
LOX-1	Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1
SREC	Scavenger receptor expressed by endothelial cell-I
SR-PSOX	Scavenger receptor for phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipoprotein
AKT	Protein kinase B
JNK	Janus kinase
NF-κB	Factor nuclear kappa B
β2ΓΠΙ	Beta2-glycoprotein I
CRP	C-reactive protein
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
PDGF	Platelet-derived growth factor
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
9-HODE	9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
13-HODE	13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
HbAIC	Glycated hemoglobin
MPO	Myeloperoxidase
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
HOCl	Hypochlorous acid
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
O2−	Superoxide anion
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
NO	Nitric oxide
eNOS	Endothelial NO synthase
Lp-PLA2	Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
1ΔgO2	Singlet oxygen
O3	Ozone
PKC	Protein kinase C
ALEs	Advanced lipoxidation end-products
CER	Ceramides
IRS	Insulin receptor substrates
MMP	Metalloproteinases
THP-1	Monocytic cell line
CREM	cAMP-responsive element modulator
ICER	Inducible cAMP early repressor
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
PEDF	Pigment epithelium-derived factor
iNOS	Inducible NO synthase
MACEs	Major adverse cardiovascular events
NPC1L1	Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 protein
SGLT2i	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-
DPP-4	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
SLC2A4	Insulin-sensitive solute carrier family 2, member 4
HMGCR	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
FH	Familial hypercholesterolemia