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(A–E), mRNA relative expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 in the cecum. (F–M) show the Western blotting results of the proteins TGF-β1, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 in the cecum. Quantified protein level was normalized to that β-actin. Control, ZEA0.15, ZEA1.5, and ZEA3.0 were basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.15, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg, respectively, of ZEA. TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1. a, b Means differ significantly (p < 0.05).
