Table 2.

Bibliographic citations related to internet and their relationship against CI.

Study Type	Country (N)	Follow-Up	Sample Age	Relationship to Cognitive Impairment	Citation
Longitudinal	England; N = 8238 participants	10 years	>50 years	Internet use in individuals over 50 years of age was significantly associated with a 43–58% reduction in the risk of dementia.	d’Orsi et al., 2018 [26]
Quasi-experimental	Mexico; N = 27 participants	10 weeks	>60 years	Subjects who participated in the computer-based mental stimulation and internet learning program significantly improved their episodic memory and visuospatial processing compared to the control group.	Sánchez-Nieto et al., 2019 [27]
Longitudinal	Brazil; N = 1197 participants	4 years	>60 years	Significant association between continued internet use and cognitive status, with greater likelihood of cognitive gain and less cognitive decline.	Krug et al., 2019 [28]
Longitudinal	Switzerland; N = 897 participants	6 years	>65 years	Frequent internet use was associated with less subsequent cognitive decline. This effect was observed mainly in men.	Ihle et al., 2020 [29]
Longitudinal	England; N = 2530–3937 participants	8 years	>50 years	Internet use was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment in the models used.	Williams et al., 2020 [30]