Table 4.

Protein kinase inhibition, TNF-α activated NF-κB inhibition and NO production inhibition potential of daturaolone.

Sr. No.	Sample	Protein Kinase Inhibition			TNF-α-Activated NF-κB Inhibition		Inhibition of NO Production
		Clear Zone (mm)	Bald Zone (mm)	MIC (µg/disc)	% Inhibition	IC50 (µg/mL)	% Inhibition	IC50 (µg/mL)
1	C20 (µg/disc)	10.22 ± 1.74	12.37 ± 2.41 b	20
2	C20 (µg/mL)				92.17 ± 5.1 a	1.2 ± 0.8 a	84 ± 2.87 a	4.51 ± 0.92 a
3	Surfactin	0	28.23 ± 2.63 a	-
4	TPCK				87.23 ± 4.38 a	10.7 ± 1.6 a
5	Curcumin						91 ± 3.31 a	2.94 ± 0.74 a
6	≥1% DMSO	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). (-) No inhibition. Surfactin (20 µg/disc), curcumin (20 µg/mL), and Nα-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK; 20 µg/mL) were used as positive controls of protein kinase inhibition, NO inhibition and TNF-α activated NF-κB inhibition assays, respectively. None of the test samples exhibited cytotoxicity at the IC₅₀. ≥1% DMSO was used as negative control and did not exhibit any activity. Exclusion of false positive results mandated the performance of parallel cytotoxicity assay. None of the test samples demonstrated cytotoxicity at the IC₅₀. a,b shows if difference is significant or not at p = 0.05.