Table 2.
Summary of evidence: pain score in adult patients.
| First Author, Year | Outcome | Study N | Participant N (Mg/Control) | MD, SMD, ES (95%CI) | Heterogeneity | Quality of Evidence (GRADE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shi 2021 | At rest | |||||
| 2 h | 8 | 423 (212/211) | MD −0.74 (−0.84, −0.64) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | Low | |
| 4 h | 6 | 303 (152/151) | MD −0.24 (−0.37, −0.11) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | Moderate | |
| 12 h | 6 | 304 (152/152) | MD −0.53 (−0.64, −0.41) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | High | |
| 24 h | 7 | 372 (186/186) | MD −0.33 (−0.42, −0.24) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | High | |
| At movement | ||||||
| 2 h | 7 | 279 (140/139) | MD −0.46 (−0.64, −0.27) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | High | |
| 4 h | 6 | 299 (150/149) | MD −0.85 (−1.40, −0.30) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | Moderate | |
| 12 h | 6 | 299 (150/149) | MD −0.83 (−1.17, −0.48) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | Moderate | |
| 24 h | 7 | 339 (170/169) | MD −0.58 (−0.79, −0.36) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.51 | High | |
| Ma 2021 | Highest VAS | 8 | 880 (440/440) | MD −0.74 (−1.03, −0.46) | I2 = 91.7%, p < 0.001 | Low |
| Last VAS | 8 | 880 (440/440) | MD −0.47 (−0.71, −0.23) | I2 = 95.0%, p < 0.001 | ||
| Ng 2020 | 24 h | 18 | 1232 | MD −0.3 (−0.69, 0.09) | I2 = 91% | Low |
| Chen 2018 | 2 h | 2 | 143 (71/72) | MD −0.45 (−0.88, −0.02) | I2 = 38%, p = 0.20 | Low |
| 8 h | 2 | 143 (71/72) | MD −0.62 (−0.95, −0.28) | I2 = 0%, p = 0.69 | ||
| 24 h | 2 | 100 (50/50) | MD −0.38 (−0.79, 0.02) | I2 = 4%, p = 0.31 | ||
| Wang 2017 | At rest | 3 | 325 (164/161) | ES −1.206 (−2.084, −0.329) | I2 = 92.409, p < 0.001 | Low |
| At movement | 2 | 265 (134/131) | ES −1.435 (−2.631, −0.240) | I2 = 94.265, p < 0.001 | ||
| Zeng 2016 | Mg vs. placebo | Low | ||||
| 24 or 48 h | 5 | 289 (145/144) | MD −0.41 (−0.78, −0.05) | I2 = 80%, p = 0.0006 | ||
| Mg vs. bupi | ||||||
| 24 or 48 h | 3 | 154 (77/77) | MD 0.17 (−0.92, 1.26) | I2 = 88%, p = 0.0002 | ||
| Mg + bupi vs. bupi | ||||||
| 18 or 24 h | 3 | 154 (77/77) | MD −0.41 (−0.87, 0.04) | I2 = 73%, p = 0.03 | ||
| Guo 2015 | At rest | NR | NR | CE | ||
| total | SMD −1.43 (−2.74, −0.12) | p < 0.01 | ||||
| At movement | ||||||
| 24 h | SMD −0.05 (−0.43, 0.32) | NR | ||||
| De Oliveira 2013 | At rest | Moderate | ||||
| Early (0–4 h) | 18 | 1153(567/586) | MD −0.74 (−1.08, −0.48) | I2 = 87% | ||
| Late (24 h) | 13 | 606 (302/304) | MD −0.36 (−0.63, −0.09) | I2 = 71% | ||
| At movement | ||||||
| Early (0–4 h) | 6 | 466 (224/242) | MD 0.52 (−1.15, 0.10) | I2 = 57% | ||
| Late (24 h) | 5 | 285 (142/143) | MD −0.73 (−1.37, −0.1) | I2 = 72% | ||
| Albrecht 2013 | At rest | Low | ||||
| Early | 15 | 868 (433/435) | MD −6.9 (−9.6, −4.2) | I2 = 79%, p < 0.00001 | ||
| 24 h | 14 | 900 (434/466) | MD −4.2 (−6.3, −2.1) | I2 = 78%, p < 0.00001 | ||
| At movement | ||||||
| Early | 5 | 381 (190/191) | MD −6.5 (−10.0, −2.9) | I2 = 78%, p = 0.19 | ||
| 24 h | 5 | 225 (112/113) | MD −9.2 (−16.1, −2.3) | I2 = 86%, p < 0.00001 | ||
| Murphy 2013 | 4–6 h | 16 | 956 (477/479) | MD −0.67 (−1.12, −0.23) | I2 = 96%, p < 0.00001 | Low |
| 20–24 h | 15 | 908 (458/458) | MD −0.25 (−0.62, 0.71) | I2 = 94%, p < 0.00001 |
N, number; VAS, visual analogue scale; bupi, bupivacaine; NR, not reported; CE, can’t evaluate; Mg, magnesium group; MD, mean difference; SMD, standardized mean difference; ES, effect size; CI, confidence interval.