| Abbreviation | Definition |
| AAV | Adeno-associated virus |
| Ad | Adenovirus |
| APCs | Antigen-presenting cells |
| CD | Cluster of differentiation |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control |
| CEPI | Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations |
| ChAd | Chimpanzee adenovirus |
| circRNA | Circular RNA |
| CLRs | C-type lectin-like receptors |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| CSE | Conserved sequence elements |
| DC | Dendritic Cells |
| dLN | Draining lymph node |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DTaP | Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids and Acellular Pertussis |
| EMA | European Medicine Agency |
| EP | Electroporation |
| FDA | United States Food and Drug Administrations |
| GC | Germinal center |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-gamma |
| Ig | Immunoglobulin |
| IL | Interleukin |
| INF-α | interferon-alpha |
| IRES | Internal ribosomal entry sites |
| IVT | in vitro transcribed |
| LLPCs | long-lived PCs |
| LNP | Lipid nanoparticle |
| LRR | Leucine Rich Repeats |
| MAVS | Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein |
| MBCs | Memory B cells |
| MERS | Middle east respiratory syndrome |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA |
| MVA | Modified vaccinia virus Ankara |
| MyD88 | Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| MZB | Marginal Zone B cells |
| Mϕ | Macrophages |
| NAbs | Neutralizing antibodies |
| NDV | Newcastle disease virus |
| NIAID | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
| NLR | Cytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)- Leucine Rich Repeats (LRR)-containing receptors |
| NOD | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain |
| PAMPs | Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns |
| PCs | Plasma cells |
| PIZV | Purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine |
| PolyA | Polyadenine |
| PRRs | Pattern Recognition Receptors |
| RdRP | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
| RIG-I | Retinoic acid-inducible gene I |
| RLRs | Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like receptors |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| SAM | self-amplifying mRNA |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| synDNA | Synthetic DNA |
| Tc | Cytotoxic T cells |
| TCR | T cell receptor |
| Tfh | Follicular T helper cells |
| Th | T helper cells |
| TLR | Toll-Like receptors |
| transmRNA | Trans-amplifying mRNAs |
| TTS | Thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrom |
| UTRs | Untranslated regions |
| VLPs | Virus-like Particles |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| ZIKV | Zika virus |