Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants according to the treatments.
| Variables | Control (n = 11) |
HS Pasta (n = 7) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 75 ± 7 | 69 ± 10 | 0.21 |
| VAS (cm) | 6.6 ± 2 | 7.1 ± 2 | 0.64 |
| Weight (Kg) | 80.1 ± 14 | 78.3 ± 14 | 0.79 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 31.2 ± 5 | 28.3 ± 3 | 0.17 |
| HG (Kg) | 23.0 ± 7 | 27.2 ± 16 | 0.52 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130 ± 11 | 135 ± 13 | 0.47 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82 ± 11 | 78 ± 7 | 0.38 |
| Biochemical evaluation | |||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 109 ± 22 | 113 ± 25 | 0.73 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.83 ± 0.2 | 0.85 ± 0.1 | 0.72 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 173 ± 38 | 174 ± 31 | 0.93 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 45 ± 14 | 47±7 | 0.75 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 104 ± 35 | 100 ± 31 | 0.77 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 117 ± 49 | 138 ± 72 | 0.49 |
| AST (IU/L) | 22 ± 12 | 18 ± 5 | 0.43 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 15 ± 11 | 15 ± 5 | 0.86 |
| Osteocalcin (ng/mL) | 21.7 ± 13 | 19.8 ± 10 | 0.73 |
| BALP (µg/L) | 10.8 ± 4 | 13.2 ± 5 | 0.29 |
| Lymphocyte (×103/µL) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.16 |
| Monocyte (×103/µL) | 0.38 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.1 | 0.89 |
| Cytokine evaluation | |||
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 0.86 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | 0.69 ± 0.3 | 0.71 ± 0.2 | 0.47 |
| Prevalence | |||
| Gender, Male (%) | 36 | 71 | 0.35 |
| Smokers (%) | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| THR (%) | 36 | 86 | 0.06 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 45 | 57 | 1 |
| Hypertension (%) | 73 | 57 | 0.62 |
| T2D (%) | 36 | 29 | 1 |
| Medications | |||
| NSAIDs (%) | 91 | 86 | 1 |
| Calcium (%) | 0 | 14 | 0.38 |
| Vitamin D (%) | 18 | 14 | 1 |
Abbreviations: VAS = visual analog scale; BMI = body mass index; HG = handgrip strength; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BALP = bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-10 = interleukin-10; THR = total hip replacements; T2D = type 2 diabetes; NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.