Table 2.
Changes of the characteristics of participants at follow-up according to intervention.
| Variables | Control (n = 11) |
HS Pasta (n = 7) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| VAS (cm) | −1.3 ± 1.3 | −2.9 ± 1.3 | 0.028 |
| Weight (Kg) | 0.4 ± 1.7 | −0.9 ± 1.9 | 0.17 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.1 ± 0.7 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 0.32 |
| HG (Kg) | 0.5 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.61 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 1 ± 9 | −2 ± 4 | 0.38 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 4 ± 5 | 3 ± 5 | 0.85 |
| Biochemical evaluation | |||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 8 ± 28 | 0 ± 5 | 0.38 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | −0.01 ± 0.1 | 0.01 ± 0.1 | 0.64 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 9 ± 23 | 1 ± 21 | 0.42 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 2 ± 5 | 1 ± 1 | 0.30 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 5 ± 19 | −1 ± 18 | 0.55 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 12 ± 23 | 7 ± 28 | 0.73 |
| AST (IU/L) | −1 ± 4 | −0.7 ± 2 | 0.75 |
| ALT (IU/L) | −1 ± 4 | 1 ± 2 | 0.09 |
| Osteocalcin (ng/mL) | −1.2 ± 8.5 | 2.6 ± 8.4 | 0.38 |
| BALP (µg/L) | 1.1 ± 4.3 | −2.8 ± 3.2 | 0.041 |
| Lymphocyte (×10ˆ3/µL) | −0.03 ± 0.2 | 0.01 ± 0.2 | 0.71 |
| Monocyte (×10ˆ3/µL) | −0.05 ± 0.1 | −0.01 ± 0.1 | 0.40 |
| Cytokine evaluation | |||
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 0.3 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.12 |
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | −0.001 ± 0.2 | 0.001 ± 0.2 | 0.65 |
Abbreviation: VAS = visual analog scale; BMI = body mass index; HG = handgrip strength; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BALP = bone-specific alkaline phosphatase; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-10 = interleukin-10.