Table 2.
Mechanism of the antiviral activity of APEE against SARS-CoV-2.
| Mode of Action | Conc.* (mg/mL) | Virus Control (PFU/mL) |
Viral Titer Post-Treatment (PFU/mL) |
Viral Inhibition (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virucidal | 0.25 | 4.5 × 105 | 0.2 × 105 | 95.6% |
| 0.125 | 0.4 × 105 | 91.1% | ||
| 0.0625 | 0.4 × 105 | 91.1% | ||
| 0.0312 | 0.5 × 105 | 88.9% | ||
| Replication | 0.25 | 1.0 × 105 | 0.75 × 105 | 25% |
| 0.125 | 0.85 × 105 | 15% | ||
| 0.0625 | 0.9 × 105 | 10% | ||
| 0.0312 | 1.0 × 105 | 0% | ||
| Adsorption | 0.25 | 1.33 × 105 | 0.25 × 105 | 81.2% |
| 0.125 | 0.45 × 105 | 66.2% | ||
| 0.0625 | 0.69 × 105 | 48.1% | ||
| 0.0312 | 1.03 × 105 | 22.6% |
* The APEE antiviral mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2 were investigated at concentrations relatively higher than IC50 for improved comprehension of the mechanisms of action.